Counterculture Analysis: Triads

Counterculture Analysis tripletsCaprian KanWhat atomic number 18 countercultures? Countercultures are groups that reject the major values, norms, and course sessions of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns (Thomas). A counterculture found in the maiden place in china, but also globally are the Triads. Initially, the purpose of the triad group started off as a patriotic movement, but later move into a counterculture. Somewhere a enormous their fight for patriotism the lines of justice blurred and the Triad groups false to crime (Blundy).Origins of the Triad societies date back to the 17th century. militant artists (Hung Muns) desired to restore the Ming dynasty so, they sought their solution by attempting to overthrow the Qing dynasty (Blundy). However, their coup ended in vain. harmonize to the Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association this movement started because the Mings political and frugal power began to wane through continuous border warfare. T he Qing, former allies of the Ming, had grown so much political power that they controlled most of the provincial territories held by the former Ming Emperor. Remaining survivors of the Ming dynasty either fled or relocated in different provinces, especially for 5 youths 4 boys and 1 girl that would train at minute Si Lum Temple. The five youths would later be known as the Five Elders of Sil Lum. The Five Elders individual(a)ly trained loyalists in the art of Kung-Fu, leading to the onset of secret notorious societies, which we now know as the Triads. During this time the Qing had an increasing awareness of partisan attacks soon thereafter, in their impatience, the Qing armies burned and destroyed monasteries and temples including the Sil Lum Temple. The Five Elders traveled in disguise after the destruction of the Sil Lum Temple for a year and a half however, discord grew among the elders and they soon fought each other. As frustration grew Jee Shin challenged Bak mei to a martial arts duel, but in the end Jee Shin died. Shock rippled amongst the other elders, in fury, Mew Hin also fought with Bak Mei, but met the uniform fate as Jee Shin. Fung Doe Duk was next to challenge Bak Mei. Despite beingness closely matched Doe Duk delivered a compound fracture to Bak Meis foot which would later hide him. After the fighting, Fung Doe Duk and Ng Mui, the last remaining elders, parted on different paths to teach their own forms of martial arts Ng Mui who would teach the Dragon-Tiger administration (Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association). Practice of the crouched Dragon-Tiger system also led to representation of wholeness of the Triad symbols the red dragon.Ethnocentrism is characterized by the belief or attitude that singles own group is best (Mish). Ethnocentricity applies to the Triads because society (the norm) sees this group as a counterculture due to the type of relationship between the members and the type of rituals, rules, etc to make and maintain that relatio nship between one another. According to Rachel Blundy in the Law and Crime section of the South China Morning Post as groups started to form, members were called to view each other as caudex brothers. Signifi hind endce of calling each other blood brothers led to the thought process that the bond between quaints was just like that of family if not superior because verity was both being given and received. This was augmented by the structure of hierarchy in the Triads which, also led to the enforcement of rules, expectations, and conducts for each member to follow (Blundy). In the edifying Lantern, Nepstad wrote thata famous rule for new members was an initiation oath known as 36 oaths. During initiation each member would recite the 36 oaths, pledging their respect and loyalty only to each other and the Triad group. If, in whatever flair, any of the oaths are broken then that member shall face punishment by 5 thunderbolts or a myriad of swords (Nepstad). Sacrifices are also a part of initiation ceremonies, a chicken is typically slaughtered and its blood is drained into a cup for drinkable (Nepstad). If other cultures or great deal were to look upon this ceremony they would be disgusted, but this is how the Triads display and elicit ethnocentrism through the strict rules of conduct, which is specifically stated in the oaths and their overwhelming rituals. Although this is not of the norm in in the culture of the larger society it is a practice that helps define the Triads as a counterculture and augments this practice as something that is coarse only to their culture and behavior.Cultural relativism is the belief that a culture should be judged by their own standards and not by the standards of other cultures (Thomas). In this side, although the Triads are a subculture they are better known as a counterculture because they reject the practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns by participating in poisonous b ehavior. Due to an increase of Triad members there has also been a rise in criminal activities Hong Kong has dedicated a police division specifically for Triads known as the Organized Crime and Triad Bureau in order to take occupy of this problem (Blundy). Three main Triad groups that take on the largest amount of followers or influence, especially in Hong Kong, are Sun Yee On, 14K, and Wo Shing Wo (Blundy). In an estimated membership of 20,000 Triad members closely 2000 would actually be active in criminal behavior (Nepstad). According to Blundy from South China Morning Post such behavior includes do drugs trafficking, which is a major source of income for the groups. Most of the drug being trafficked are opium, heroin, and cocaine. Other criminal activities that the Triad groups engage in are fraud, extortion, gambling, money, laundering, and prostitution (Blundy). In recent years Triad members pull in turned to credit card fraud, minibus concessions, call-girl rings, and comp uter software and CD pirating (Hays).Personally, I do believe that the Triads are a counterculture because cultures in todays society, although they vary, do not participate, in any look, in criminalist behavior like the Triads do. A general or main goal for the culture of the larger society is to have a career job, which helps tins a steady income. However, in the view point of cultural relativism the Triads are a counterculture that displays ethnocentrism because they have no jobs and they spend their free time participating in criminal activities to gain dirty money based on chances and risks while risking their First Amendment rights and liberty. Also, the fact that Triads are impulsive to risk their rights shows ethnocentrism because they have the belief that they are to a higher place the fairness. Whereas, impartialityful citizens would not be able to perform such actions because they value their rights and freedom. The Triad groups have been a counterculture since the start of the Qing dynasty to our present date their actions that defines them as a counterculture do not seem to be getting better if not worse and will continue their reckless, criminal behavior.ReferencesBlundy, Rachel. A Brief History of Hong Kongs Triad Gangs. 4 February 2017. Website. 5 March 2017.Hays, Jeffrey. Facts and Details Triads and Organized Crime in China. April 2012. Website. 9 March 2017.Mish, Frederick C. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary Tenth Edition. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2000. Book.Nepstad, Peter. Triads. 15 March 2015. Website. 5 March 2017.Thomas, W. LaVerne. Sociology The Study of Human Relationships. Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. Book.Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association. History and Lineage The Five Elders. 2004. Website. 6 March 2017.GOOD SAMARITAN ACT MUNTINLUPAGOOD SAMARITAN ACT MUNTINLUPAChapter 1IntroductionPeople have different perception when it comes to generosity, some are selfish some are not and others are hesitant. For us nurs es, we are have to help people in terms of their medical exam needs but how are we going to do that when we are not in the actual eyeshot?When it comes to an hap, life and death is just a string apart and every second is very crucial to the victim. Here in the Philippines, any person who is close to the crime scene is not allowed to help or to touch the victim if he is not a trained medical professional. The by-standers can only bring out the fate system for help and wait for the authorities response that is why survival rate drops. In other country, they are able to help victims of an accident without being afraid to be sued for any unintentional injury or unlawful actions that they commit in helping a victim. This is because they are protected by the keen Samaritan Law, it is a law that retains a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim in distress from being successfully sued for wrongdoing. Its purpose is to keep people from being reluctant to help a stranger in need for fear of legal repercussions if they were to make some mistake in treatment (Devereaux, 2007). dictation of the problemThe look intoers will study the a number of medical professionals or those who have completed Red Cross training whom earnest Samaritan Law may only apply. Specially, it seek to answer to the following questionsWhat is the profile of the health care professional in terms of1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3Length of service1.4 Civil location1.5 Religion1.6 Area of affiliationHow do health care professionals perceived?2.1 perceived Severity2.2 Perceived Barrier2.3 Perceived Benefits2.4 Cues to Action2.5 Other Variables2.6 self EfficacyDoes the profile of the sufficeents tie in to the perception of the good Samaritan Act?HypothesesThe seekers formulated the following hypothesesH1 There significant relationship between perception and employment of ripe Samaritan Act.H2 The profile of the respondents differ from the application of impregnable Samaritan ActSignificance of the StudyThe purpose of this study is to determine the significant relationship about the perception and the application of skillful Samaritan Act of the Healthcare professionals practicing in the Philippines. This study may provide ideas and could view Healthcare professional belief about Good Samaritan Act whether this could provide improvement in medical and emergency cases. In Nursing Practice this may provide as help to develop their nursing skills and knowledge in providing first aids and basic life support.This study could benefit clients by giving entropy and knowledge which can be obtained through out the research process and by the end of the research. The clients could acquire knowledge and awareness about the Good Samaritan Act, their rights and the dos and donts of the Healthcare professionals.In Nursing Education this may grant knowledge to the people in nursing field about their duties and obligation in providing care to an emergency lieu.This study could benefit students in giving information and knowledge about the Healthcare professionals belief on Good Samaritan Act and as well as the Act itself. It is also beneficial for students to give greatness to any person that they will render help to know there is obligation that to be careful. The students could also have a chance to relate this research to their education.This study could benefit the Nursing practice through proper acknowledgment how to respond in emergency cases and its implication.Future Nursing Researchers may also be benefited by this study as it may be a reference material for further studies.Scope, Limitations, and DelimitationsThis study was intended to discuss Good Samaritan Act in medical fields. The investigators will focus their investigation on the survey of the health care professionals belief and application with regards to Good Samaritan Act in Muntinlupa metropolis.This study was bound to Healthcare Professionals contingently Registered Nurses, Physicians, Midwives and Red Cross Volunteers regardless of age, sex and race. The researchers focused on the applications and beliefs of the healthcare professionals in practicing Good Samaritan Act with regards to their exposures to different hospitals and community particularly in Muntinlupa City. Individuals may feel the need to present themselves in a more socially acceptable light, and may report to be more assured than they really are. Thus, the findings of this study rely solely on the respondents responses.This study is not applicable to those who are Undergraduate, Medical Technologists, Pharmacists, Dentists, Psychologists and other non healthcare professionals.Conceptual Framework flesh 1. The Paradigm shows the flow of the Profile of Health Care Professional and the Perception of Good Samaritan Act.This relationship is enclosed with a square figures. The relationship is viewed as continuous. unbroken block process was used to show a progression or sequential step in a task, proce ss or a workflow. The first blow is about the profile of healthcare professional, the middle box is the process of input and output , and the last box is about the perception of it. Each box can influence and be influenced by other box of the diagram. The continuous process of the box, is the beginning of the analysis of the perception of the Health Care Professional and Good Samaritan Act.Definition of TermsThe following terms were define conceptually and operationally in relate to the study.Affiliation- A person, organization, or establishment associated with another as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member. 1Age- The length of time that one has existed or simply the duration of life. 2Application of Good Samaritan Act- The act of directing or referring something to a good Samaritan act to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence. 3Consent- To consent rigorouss to give approval and to agree by free will. Both parties must be fully conscious and have clearly communicated their consent and in the end signed a legal document. 4Emergency medical services These are services dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient, or the medical practitioner, believes constitutes a medical emergency. 5First Aider- First aiders are the one who gives initial care to an illness or injure person. It generally consists of a series of simplistic and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. 6Good Samaritan Act- laws or acts protecting those who choose to shell out and tend to others who are injured or ill. They are intended to reduce bystanders hesitation to help oneself, for fear of being sued or prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death. 7Health Care Professionals- Health care professional means a person who is legally competent to diagnose and/ or treat the particular medical condition or conditions which are the basis of the accommodation request. 8Liability- Means something that is a hindrance or puts an individual or groups at a disadvantage or something that someone is responsible for. 12Midwives- A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth. 9Negligence- It is the quality of being heedless or a failure to act. It means that someone was careless and as a result of that someone was injured. 10Obligation- The state, fact, or feeling of being obligated(predicate) to another for a special service or favor received. A social, legal, or moral requirement, such as a duty, contract, or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action. 11Perceived Benefits- Something that promotes or enhances well- being an advantage that an individual may received. 16Perceived Barriers- Anything that prevents or obstruct passage, access, or progress. 172Perceived Severity- The act or an ins tance of severe behavior, especially punishment. 13Physicians- A physician is a person who has analyse in the medical field. They are educated and taught to take care of patients in a certain field or specialty. A person licensed to practice medicine. 14Registered Nurses- A registered nurse is a licensed nurse who works in hospitals and doctors offices assisting patients. 15Self Efficacy- Variety of ways as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals. 16Volunteers- It is an individual willing to sacrifice his/her time under transnational human raceitarian organization which aim is to protect the human life and health without any discrimination based on sex, nationality or race. 17Notes1. Gulam H, Devereaux J (2007). A brief primer on Good Samaritan Law for health care professionals2.http//chcr.umich.edu/how_we_do_it/health_theories/healththeories2/chcr_document_viewChapter IICHAPTER 2Review of Related Literature and StudiesThis chapte r presents a review of related literature and studies which helped the researchers pursue the study.Foreign LiteratureThe Good Samaritan law is not found on the statute books, but has been a concept that courts have employ as public policy. However, this has recently changed in all the states and territories in Australia with the codification of Good Samaritan law. This paper is a timely reminder for health practitioners of the doctrine of the Good Samaritan, as well as the relative legal uncertainty of rescue at greens law. The doctrine of Good Samaritan is a principle that works to prevent a rescuer who has voluntarily assisted a person in distress from being successfully sued for a wrongdoing. Despite no case law directly addressing the liability of a health care professional for failing to render assistance in a Good Samaritan situation, there are medical practitioners being found liable for damages and/or guilty of professional misconduct for failing to respond to requests fo r assistance. There has been no known case where a Medical practitioner (or health care professional) has been held liable for providing emergency care in good faith to a stranger. The codification of the doctrine of Good Samaritan law in the various jurisdictions in Australia goes some way towards providing protection from legal action for those persons (including health care professionals) who act in good faith to assist those in danger. There is no doubt that this legislative codification is a social good we must be willing to help others who are injured or in distress, without risk to ourselves, including from a legal perspective. 1Most Good Samaritan statutes rely on the concepts of ordinary disuse and piggish negligence. Ordinary negligence means that the individual providing aid did not act as a reasonable health care provider would under similar circumstances. Contrast that with gross negligence, which generally means not only that the individual did not conform to the ac cepted standard of care, but also that his or her actions rose to the level of being willful, wanton or even malicious. Although there has never been a successful case against a physician who claimed Good Samaritan protection after providing emergency care outside a hospital, many physicians feel concerned about the legal consequences that might befall them in these situations. The fact is that all 50 US states have some type of law that seeks to encourage medical professionals to act as Good Samaritans by offering certain protections. 2What can be utter about what nurses ought to do in terms of truth telling and condole with?The essence of caring, at least in this article, is found in the story of the Good Samaritan. Nurses care when they are present with another with a closeness that evokes compassion. Hence, the caring nurse is focused on the other so that the others welfare is paramount. This other regardingness to which the caring nurse gives precedence means becoming emotio nally involved to an extent that the nurse strives to be like the Samaritan. Nurses ought to respond in a caring way that is reasonable rather than exact. Strict adherence to a principle or rule of obligation may mean playing in a way that is indicative of the sanctified men, as described in the parable of the Good Samaritan. A caring nurse responding virtuously acts by being compassionate, which may mean for a time accepting the prima facie nature of the rules or principles of truth telling. 3Although there has never been a successful case against a physician who claimed Good Samaritan protection after providing emergency care outside a hospital, many physicians feel concerned about the legal consequences that might befall them in these situations. The fact is that all 50 US states have some type of law that seeks to encourage medical professionals to act as Good Samaritans by offering certain protections. The purpose of this article is to explain the basics of these laws, as wel l as physicians value orientational duties, so that when they encounter opportunities to act as a Good Samaritan, they will have a better understanding of what theyre getting into. The odds of being successfully sued for malpractice as a result of providing Good Samaritan care are stacked well in their favor, so much so that the fear of litigation should not be a factor in their decision about whether to help when the situation presents itself. 4Random acts of kindness are always impressive. They let people know that there are good people in the instauration who care about others. Good deeds also give a sense of security they tell that everyone lives in a world where at least people look out for others. People helping other people is what any civilized society is all about. If you do your share selflessly, the world would be a better place. Helping others is a sign of strength and decency and it is what makes one a better person. 5Foreign StudiesGlobal Good Samaritans looks at the reasons why and how some states promote human rights internationally, arguing that humanitarian internationalism is more than episodic altruism-it is a pattern of persistent principled politics. Human rights as a principled foreign policy defies the realist prediction of untrammeled pursuit of national interest, and suggests the utility of constructivist approaches that investigate the role of ideas, identities, and influences on state action. Brysk shows how a divers(prenominal) set of democratic middle powers, inspired by visionary leaders and strong civil societies, came to see the linkage between their long-term interest and the common good. She concludes that state promotion of global human rights may be an option for many more members of the international community and that the international human rights regime can be strengthened at the interstate level, alongside social movement campaigns and the struggle for the democratization of global governance. 6The Good Samaritan an d the registered nurse both respond in a manner that is fitting. This caring response, as an ethic of the fitting, acknowledges that rules alone do not guarantee the most ethically justifiable outcomes. Rather, within this ethic of the fitting, at times the nurse ought to respond with a sense of compassion that befits the moment rather than adhere to a rule at all costs. The holy men in the parable of the Good Samaritan concern themselves with the external goods of policy and status. In subordinating themselves to the external goods, they care less. However, the Samaritan recognizes what is due to a fellow human being and takes action to alleviate anothers suffering. It is clear that the caring depicted here is founded on the virtue of compassion. Hence, the caring nurse is focused on the other so that the others welfare is paramount. This other regardingness to which the caring nurse gives precedence means becoming emotionally involved to an extent that the nurse strives to be like the Samaritan. Nurses ought to respond in a caring way that is reasonable rather than exact. Strict adherence to a principle or rule of obligation may mean acting in a way that is indicative of the holy men, as described in the parable of the Good Samaritan. A caring nurse responding virtuously acts by being compassionate, this may mean for a time accepting the prima facie nature of the rules or principles of truth telling. 7Benjamin S. Abella, MD, MPhil, Clinical Research theater director of Penns Center for Resuscitation Science and Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, says bystanders can play a critical role in saving lives by performing cardiorespiratory resuscitation during the 150,000 cardiac dreads that occur each year outside of hospitals in the United States.Studies show that only 15 to 30 percent of sudden cardiac arrest victims receive bystander CPR before emergency personnel arrive, Abella says. But chances for survival plummet as minutes tick by without any bl ood move through the body. Early bystander CPR, however, doubles to triples survival rates. 8NotesHyder Gulam, John Devereux. Australian Health Review. Sydney Aug 2007. Vol. 31, Iss. 3 pg. 478, 5 pgsRobert J Dachs, Jay M Elias. Family Practice Management. Leawood Apr 2008. Vol. 15, Iss. 4 pg. 37, 4 pgsAnthony Tuckett, NURSING PRACTICE COMPASSIONATE DECEPTION AND THE GOOD SAMARITANRobert J Dachs, Jay M Elias. Family Practice Management. Leawood Apr 2008. Vol. 15, Iss. 4 pg. 37, 4 pgsCharles S Lauer. Modern Healthcare. Chicago Sep 13, 2004. Vol. 34, Iss. 37 pg. 30, 1 pgs.Alison Brysk, Global Good SamaritansHuman Rights as Foreign Policy7.http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=9did=800156321SrchMode=1sid=11Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1278353293clientId=727108.http//www.news-medical.net/news/2008/01/15/34307.aspxChapter IIISurvey Questionnaire for Health Care Professionals with end Red Cross TrainingThe researchers are conducting a study on Health care Professionals with c ompleted Red Cross Training in Muntinlupa City about their perception on Good Samaritan Act. It will measure the respondents perception about Good Samaritan Act and the extent of their knowledge about this and their application.To enable the researcher to make the necessary conclusions and recommendations for this study, it would be very much appreciated if you answer all the items in this questionnaire.Information given will be treated in strictest confidence.Thank you,Part IName ____________________________( optional)Age 20-25 36-40 51-55 26-30 41-45 56-60 31-35 46-50 61 and aboveGender Female Civil Status single Male married leaveReligion Roman Catholic Baptist Christian Protestant Muslim others __________Location of Affiliation public private hospital clinic health center self usePart II eversometimesOFTEN TIMESSELDOM neerIf you see a patient in critical condition, are you willing to help?Do you prefer in helping a victim with a highe r survival rate than those who is more critical?Do you expect anything in return for your help?Do you believe that Good Samaritan act will improve persons survival in emergency case?Do bystander is a hindrance in helping in an emergency situation?Do you feel nervous when there is an emergency situation?Is the gender of the victim contributes to be a rescuer when there is an emergency situation?Are you willing to help whenever there is an emergency situation?In rendering care, do you grade your safety before doing such actions?Does your mood run into your ability in rendering care to a victim?Does the place of the emergency affect you in rendering help?Are you prepared in an emergency situation?Do you believe that you are well equipped?PART IIIALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDo you prefer to help a family member or friend when there is an emergency situation?Is there a difference in level of care in rendering a help to a relative and to a mere stranger?Do you secure consent be fore rendering care?Does a consent form will excuse you for being liable to your actions?In case of an emergency, are you willing to help those in need?Are you willing to help a victim without expecting anything in return?Does the place of the emergency affect you in rendering care?Do you secure your safety when rendering help?Do you familiarize yourself in the laws applied in the area of emergency case?Do you apply your actions in rendering help from the statue of constitution?PART IVALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDo you apply your health beliefs in giving care?Does your belief affect your application of rendering care?PART VALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDoes the competency of a health care provider deteriorate as aged?After a long period of rest in practising, does the competency of a health care provider deteriorates?

Accountability for Reasonableness for Priority Setting

Accountability for Reasonableness for Priority SettingEssayAccountability for Reasonableness, for priority setting and resource allocation.INTRODUCTIONPakistan as a underdeveloped kingdom has very limited health reverence resources whenconsidering a huge population of over 170 million. We have very few tertiary economic aidhospitals and they are providing services to the whole country. Majority of people inour country are poor and they are unable to afford the expenses of mysterious hospitals,though private hospitals are also very few. Thousands of doctors are unemployedand still we have shortage of doctors. Majority of BHU (Basic Health Units) areclosed as majority of doctors live to urban areas and they dont want to work inremote village areas. In all these situations, it is very difficult to maintain healthcare throughout country. In this essay, I provide make out into account four conditions ofaccountability for tenability for priority setting and resource allocation. I leave behindtake into account these four conditions by Norman Daniels and I leave consider atertiary care hospital scenario where I did my house job in medicine ward last year.There were majority of affected roles suffering from chronic liver diseases (CLD). I willfurther continue this essay in discussion. paroleBefore discussing the four conditions of accountability for reasonableness, I willbriefly discuss the case scenario. In my medicine ward as I earlier give tongue to majority ofpatients were of chronic liver diseases (CLD) and it includes Hepatitis B, Hepatitis Cand cirrhosis of liver. Cirrhosis is the end conduce of hepatocellular injury that leadsto both fibrosis and nodular regeneration throughout the liver. The clinical featuresresult from hepatic cell dysfunction, portosystemic shunting, and admissionhypertension. Cirrhosis may cause no symptoms for long periods. One of the majorcomplications is uppergastrointestinal tract bleeding which may occur from varices,po rtal hypertensive gastropathy, or gastroduodenal ulcer. Hemorrhage may bemassive, resulting in fatal exsanguinations or enencephalopathy. Esophageal varicesare found in 50 % of patients with cirrhosis. There are several treatment andmanagement options available for esophageal varices including acute resuscitationas initial management, pharmacologic therapy, balloon tube tamponade, portaldecompressive procedures and emergent endoscopy. Endoscopic techniques are alsoused for prevention of Rebleeding. 1. Now, I will discuss my case scenario. In ourhospital there is unrivalled associate professor who is trained in doing endoscopy andWednesday is fixed for performing endoscopies. Emergent endoscopy is performedafter the patients hemodynamic status has been appropriately stabilized (usuallywithin 2-12 hours). Majority of poor patients come to hospital in end stage liverdiseases. I have taken this case series as it is a perfect example of scarce resources.Many patients face problems as t heir endoscopies were not performed on time asthere was only one day fixed in a week. Now I will apply the four conditions ofaccountability for reasonableness for priority setting and resource allocation. Thesefour conditions are publicity condition, relevance condition, revisions and appealscondition and regulative condition. Accountability for reasonableness makes itpossible to educate all stakeholders roughly the substance of deliberation about fairdecisions under resource constraints. It facilitates social learning about limits. Itconnects decision making in healthcare institutions to broader, more fundamentaldemocratic deliberative processes. 2. In my case scenario I will apply the fourconditions as follows. The first one is publicity condition. It states that decisionsregarding limits to care and their rationales must be publicly accessible to clinicians,patients, and citizens in a publicly administered system. When the patients sufferthe complication of esophageal varices, t hey are informed about the limited capacityof the ward to arrange endoscopy as it is through on only Wednesdays and surgicalward have their own burden of patients to be done endoscopies, due to this reasonwe were unable to send patients to surgical wards and the patients and theirrelatives mostly agrees on this setup and if their was any emergency only then wetake help from surgical ward or send the patients to any other hospital, so the firstcondition is runed. In above scenario second condition is also fulfilled which isrelevance condition. It states that the reasons for limit-setting decisions will bereasonable if it appeals to evidence, reason, and principles that are accepted asrelevant by fair-minded people who are disposed to finding mutually justifiable harm of cooperation. In my case scenario the decision making is according to theframework. The rationales were reasonable as it is evident that we had limitedfacility of endoscopy and it was fairly accepted by patients and their relatives andalso by doctors and other hospital staff. In our setup priority was given to thosepatients who needed emergency endoscopy rather than those who requiresendoscopy for diagnostic procedures. The third condition is revisions and appealscondition. This condition is a very common problem in government hospitals and inour scenario we request consultants from surgical ward to do emergency endoscopyif we think patient is serious and he or she may die if the endoscopy is notperformed on time or in other case the other hospital is very far so that it will be lateif we send the patient to other setup and here comes the function of oncallconsultants also, the oncall consultants plays huge role in these emergencysituations. This third condition is a mechanism for challenge and dispute resolution regarding limit setting decisions, including the opportunity for revising decisions inlight of further evidence or arguments. 3. Thus we fulfill the third condition also byrevising our decisions as I explained above. The fourth and last condition isregulative condition or enforcement. There is all voluntary or public regulationof the process to ensure that conditions 1-3 are met. This condition is also fulfilled inour setup as we communicate with the patient and their relatives about our limitedresources. We are able to convince patients in our case scenario. The hospitalleadership is constantly making efforts to meet the conditions of accountability forreasonableness. 4. oddmentIn this essay I have discussed all four conditions of accountability forreasonableness, for priority setting and resource allocation. Accountability forreasonableness is a framework that faeces be used to guide legitimate and fair prioritysetting in health care organizations, such as hospitals. In our beloved countryPakistan we have few government civil hospitals bearing the burden of millions ofpopulation. We try our best to server the humanity. Iam not claiming this system aperfect on e, it needs a lot of improvement and the example is my case scenario inwhich we have very limited resources. Government should establish civil hospitals insmall cities also and should emergence their budget they should recruit more doctorsand nurses as we have shortage. They should train doctors with latest equipmentsand provide hospitals appropriate medicines. In addition to this all the hospitalsshould be provided with computers and also be made online so that a data systemcan be established and it can help the patients and also hospitals for futurereference. I will pause by saying that in such scarce resources, government sectorhospitals are doing excellent job.REFERENCESCurrent Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2004. 43rd edition.Norman Daniels. (2000). Accountability for reasonableness. BMJ 321 1300-1301.D K Martin, P A Singer and M Bernstein. (2003). Access to intensive careunit beds for neurosurgery patients a qualitative case study. J. Neurol.Neurosurg. psychological medicin e 74 1299-1303.Jennifer AH Bell, Sylvia Hyland, Tania DePellegrin, Ross EG Upshur, MarkBernstein and Douglas K Martin. (2004). SARS and hospital priority settinga qualitative case study and evaluation. BMC Health Services Research, 436

Comparing Woman’s Social Status in Becky and Blood Burning Moon Essay

Jean Toomer was bi-racial, sometimes being perceived as sinlessness and sometimes black. His race was a catalyst for his writings. Toomer wrote prose and poetry reflecting his ideas about race and gender, not wanting either to be an issue in the future. His writings read people of all races facing struggles, some gender struggles and some racial struggles. In Becky and in rail line Burning Moon, Toomer centers around twain females. During the time accomplishment of his writings and what is still somewhat evident today, gender decides the role a person plays in society. As a female, one was always inferior to the male, no matter what the race. Therefore, these twain works show how being a female affects a womans treatment in life-time she loses some guard of her destiny, which is ultimately decided by a male or a group of males. Becky centers on a sporty female who has two black sons. She is labored to leave the town and live on the outskirts because interracial r elationships are not acceptable to the other citizens. As a female, Becky is unable to deny maternity to the two boys, but the man who impregnated her has no ties to the children and could have denied paternity of the two boys. Becky avoids the criticism from the townspeople by living in her house ground islandized between the bridle-path and the railroad track. No one ever sees her. She has no contact with the townspeople, but those who care for her well-being bring her food and leave it outside of her house, anonymously. Louisa, in Blood Burning Moon, is a black female who is loved by two men, one white man and one black man. She works for a white family, the youngest son being Bob Stone. He is in love with Louisa because of her beauty and charisma. He believes that be... ...male characters powerless in a society of males. Louisa is forced to live with two males who love her and is unable to choose between either. Becky is obligated to raise two sons with neither support from t he community nor help from their father. The two women are treated as simple objects or at least not characterized as real people with feelings and desires in their lives. Gender inequality is a common theme for Toomer. He wishes gender to be unimportant in daily situations everyone should be treated equally and no one should be forced to live a life separate from others because of his or her gender. Louisa and Becky are both forced to live a life with no opportunity for equality and no chance to for happiness with some other person, because they are females. Works CitedToomer, Jean. Bood-Burning Moon. Cane. New York Livericht, 2010. 39-49. Print.

George Gershwin Essay -- essays research papers

One of the most influencial composers of the 1920s was George Gershwin. Gershwin was the most celebrated and wealthiest American composers of the 1920s. In this paper I will dissertate Gershwins life as a child and his upbringing and how his music expressed the dreams of every American Citizen by mixing different styles of music homogeneous Jewish, black, jazz, classical, blues and put them into one genre and created absolute music.George Gershwin was born in Brooklyn, New York on September 26, 1898. As the son of immigrant parents, Georges father had many jobs, so they were forced to live in many locations. George had two brothers, Arthur and angriness, and one sister, Francis. Although, George was the most well known of the family, his brother Ira was also a successful lyricist. Also, it was Iras interest in music that made their parents purchase the first family piano. However, it was George that took the immediate interest in playing the piano. George played by ear in the le ad his parents purchased piano lessons for him. George began to study music seriously at the age of twelve.After studying and perfecting his talent, under the guidance of Charles Hambutze, Gershwin was taught proper techniques, lyricism, and harmony. This opened up a the solid grounds of Chopin, Liszt, Debussy and Schoenberg (Ewen 58-60). Gershwin was offered a job at Remicks Music Publishing House in Tin Pan Alley. Gershwin jumped at the opportunity to become the youngest pianist ever apply at the popular music capital of the world. Gershwin , at the young age of fifteen, quit school and became a song booster shot. (Schwartz 21). The purpose of a song plugger was to make a song become a hit. Everyday hundreds of singers and actors came to Tin Pan Alley looking for fresh new materials. The song pluggers could improvise and transfer a song on the spot to fit a particular singer or actor. Soon, everyone was going to Gershwin to compose music.George Gerswhin 3It wasnt long in fron t Gershwin figured out that he wanted something different in his life, and began composing for himself. In 1916, Gershwin had his first song printed and published. It was this first publication that led to him meeting famed lyricist, Irving Caesar. Gershwin and Caesar decided to work together on a Broadway musical. This was a dream come true for Gershwin, and a major turning po... ...gery and died on July 11, 1937 in Hollywood California.Ira Gerwhin saved a great deal of Georges work and shared it with younger people, including Michael Feinstein, whose recordings include some of Gerswhin pieces. Gerswins compositions are still today macrocosm played on mainstream media on a regular basis. Commercials feature Gerswins music regularly. United Airlines used Rhapsody In Blue for years as its marketing theme. H&R Block recently encouraged their clients to think of their services as Someone To adopt Over Me. Visa also used I Got musical rhythm in their marketing theme.Motion Pictures still use Gerswhins music for their themes and plots. In Mr. Hollands Opus, a student sings the love ballad Someone to Watch over Me. When Harry Met Sally featured numerous Gerswhin songs, including Lets call the whole thing off.George Gerswhin 7Gerswhins music is studied by students everywhere. His talents are still gracing the world and his memory lives on through his fans and admirers worldwide. Gerswhins music will continue to be played and listened to by people worldwide and will continue to be an stirring to music lovers everywhere.

Divine Comedy - Contrapasso of Dante’s Inferno Essay examples -- Divin

Inferno - Contrapasso In Dantes Inferno, Dante takes a journey with Virgil through the many levels of Hell in order to experience and see the different punishments that transgressners must endure for all eternity. As Dante and Virgil descend into the bowels of Hell, it becomes clear that the wo(e) increases as they continue to move lower into Hell, the conical recess in the earth created when fiend fell from Heaven. Dante values the health of society over self. This becomes evident as the sinners against society experience suffering greater than those suffer which were only responsible for trespass against themselves. Dante uses contrapasso, the Aristotelian theory that states a souls form of suffering in Hell contrasts or extends their sins in their life on earth, to ensure that the sinners neer forget their crimes against God. Even though some of the punishments the sinners in Hell seem arbitrary, they are fitting because contrapasso forces each sinner to re-live the most ho rrible aspect of their sin to ensure they never forget their crimes against God. As Dante and Virgil, Dantes guide through Hell, approach the Gate of Hell, Dante reads the inscription above the gates Through me the way to the suffering city, through me the way to the eternal pain, through me the way that runs among the lost. Justice urged on my high artificer my maker was divine authority, the highest wisdom and the primal love. Before me zero only when eternal things were made, and I endure eternally. Abandon every hope, who enter here. (III, 48) This message accurately describes how those souls will experience contrapasso in Hell. They will never be released and will experience suffering for eternity. The first line speaks of a... ...ouls to exist. It is a fitting punishment because he wanted to rule like God. Now he does, but he rules over the souls who could not achieve the presence of God after death. Dante efficiently uses contrapasso to punish the souls that sinned i n their lifetimes. All the sinners experience ultimate suffering as they act to extend or continue their sin for eternity. The suffering in Hell is ultimately unbearable, regardless of the nature of sin. The sinners have no hope of their specialize becoming any better because the only change will be at the Final Judgment. Then their punishments will be perfected because they will past have bodies and a new way to experience suffering. Contrapasso ensures that these souls will exist in an eternity of complete despair. Works CitedAlighieri, Dante. Inferno. Trans. Mark Musa. NY Penguin Books, 1984.

Theatre Royal in Winchester production of 1984 :: Drama

Theatre Royal in Winchester production of 19841984 Evaluation===============On the 19th November 2002 myself, and a pigeonholing of year eleven studentswent to the Theatre Royal in Winchester to watch a play named 1984.The plays main theme was about a society being treated unfairly andnot being able to have rights or individuality. It showed people beingextremely restricted on what they could do both physically andmentally.Watching it, it do me feel fortunate to have the rights I have andthat I am not constrained on what I can do. The director wanted youwhen watching, to feel uncomfortable and distressed as you werewatching one individual being tortured. The more torture shown, themore inner(a) I felt to possess the rights I do have. A variety oftechniques were utilise to enforce the powerful message this playpresented. At the beginning, a group of soldiers pointed at theaudience and shouted Die Die continuously, which made you feelthreatened and also at the same time involved wi thin the play.The set was quite raw material yet effective. All the scenes featured twolarge wooden walls, which were moved for different scenes. These wallswere apply as a technique to change scene. When a freshly scene was startedthe walls would be spun round to illustrate a new scene, which wasvery effective. Throughout the play short videos were shown for avariety of reasons. These included emphasizing a point within theplay, to give new information to the audience or to add to thedramatic effect of a particular scene.Various lighting techniques were used including a situation. Aspotlight makes you focus on one particular part of the stage whereusually a scene is being acted. A spotlight can add tension andincreased dramatic effect to a scene, for example when soliloquies areused. An additional lighting method used was to flash shimmery lights atthe audience to illustrate a scene change. This was very effective asafterwards a new scene was taking place. As come up as light ingtechniques, the props used were very successful in making the scenemore exciting and attention grabbing. One prop used was a counterfeitelectric chair. In this scene the main character was being torturedusing the electric chair. The smoke and sounds the chair was makingmade the scene even more dramatic and made you sympathise with himeven more.The main characters included a man named Winston, and a woman calledJulia who has already had already a couple of illegal love affairs.Both characters were deprived of their rights and wanted the samething, freedom.

High Fidelity and Music Essay -- High Fidelity Music Musical essays

High Fidelity and medicamentIn High Fidelity, snare, the protagonist and narrator, says I relegate myself worrying away(predicate) at that stuff about pop medicinal drug again, whether I wish well it because Im infelicitous, or whether Im unhappy because I like it (168). It is obvious to the reader that thieve has a very strong relationship to pop music but also that this relationship is non as elemental as the either-or dichotomy he describes it as. At first, it is an obsession that is almost pathological by the end, it is an aid to his relationships and his fancy of who he is. Robs relationship to music helps us understand Rob as a character through the different ways he uses it to interact in his environs either as a crutch inhibiting his growth or as a way to aid his self-development.At the beginning of the novel, music serves as the former. Rob does not know himself. He relies on his relationships with women to define who he is, which basic onlyy comes down to if th ey are willing to sleep with him, he is happy, and if they are not, he wants to know why. In this stage of his life, Robs relationship to music is one of dependence it is more or less a substitution for a healthy smell of self. One rumination of this problem is how Rob uses music to take the place of social interaction. For example, instead of expressing interest in a woman through conversation, Rob would make her a mix-tape to show her he likes her. This is what he does with Laura and again with Caroline, the woman who interviews him. When Laura catches him making the tape for this woman, Rob tries to make up an excuse but knows she doesnt believe it she of every last(predicate) people knows what compilation tapes represent (313). Also, the songs he puts on the tapes are the songs he likes. He obv... .... This is how we know he is starting to get an idea of who he is and that he realizes that this is different from who Laura is.Rob says, It seems to me that if you place music ( and books, probably, and films, and plays, and anything that makes you feel) at the center of your being, then you cant afford to sort out your sexual love life, start to find of it as the finished product. Youve got to pick at it, keep it alive and in turmoil, youve got to pick at it and unravel it until it all comes apart and youre compelled to start all over again (169). When music was at Robs center, when he was using it to define himself, it was a destructive force. The definition was an illusion, and this labored his relationships. But when he realized he was the one who needed to define himself, music became a symbol of understanding of himself and of his relationship with Laura. High Fidelity and Music Essay -- High Fidelity Music Musical essaysHigh Fidelity and MusicIn High Fidelity, Rob, the protagonist and narrator, says I find myself worrying away at that stuff about pop music again, whether I like it because Im unhappy, or whether Im unhappy because I like it (168). It is obvious to the reader that Rob has a very strong relationship to pop music but also that this relationship is not as simple as the either-or dichotomy he describes it as. At first, it is an obsession that is almost pathological by the end, it is an aid to his relationships and his idea of who he is. Robs relationship to music helps us understand Rob as a character through the different ways he uses it to interact in his environment either as a crutch inhibiting his growth or as a way to aid his self-development.At the beginning of the novel, music serves as the former. Rob does not know himself. He relies on his relationships with women to define who he is, which basically comes down to if they are willing to sleep with him, he is happy, and if they are not, he wants to know why. In this stage of his life, Robs relationship to music is one of dependence it is more or less a substitution for a healthy sense of self. One manifestation of this problem is how Rob u ses music to take the place of social interaction. For example, instead of expressing interest in a woman through conversation, Rob would make her a mix-tape to show her he likes her. This is what he does with Laura and again with Caroline, the woman who interviews him. When Laura catches him making the tape for this woman, Rob tries to make up an excuse but knows she doesnt believe it she of all people knows what compilation tapes represent (313). Also, the songs he puts on the tapes are the songs he likes. He obv... .... This is how we know he is starting to get an idea of who he is and that he realizes that this is different from who Laura is.Rob says, It seems to me that if you place music (and books, probably, and films, and plays, and anything that makes you feel) at the center of your being, then you cant afford to sort out your love life, start to think of it as the finished product. Youve got to pick at it, keep it alive and in turmoil, youve got to pick at it and unravel it until it all comes apart and youre compelled to start all over again (169). When music was at Robs center, when he was using it to define himself, it was a destructive force. The definition was an illusion, and this strained his relationships. But when he realized he was the one who needed to define himself, music became a symbol of understanding of himself and of his relationship with Laura.