Counterculture Analysis: Triads

Counterculture Analysis tripletsCaprian KanWhat atomic number 18 countercultures? Countercultures are groups that reject the major values, norms, and course sessions of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns (Thomas). A counterculture found in the maiden place in china, but also globally are the Triads. Initially, the purpose of the triad group started off as a patriotic movement, but later move into a counterculture. Somewhere a enormous their fight for patriotism the lines of justice blurred and the Triad groups false to crime (Blundy).Origins of the Triad societies date back to the 17th century. militant artists (Hung Muns) desired to restore the Ming dynasty so, they sought their solution by attempting to overthrow the Qing dynasty (Blundy). However, their coup ended in vain. harmonize to the Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association this movement started because the Mings political and frugal power began to wane through continuous border warfare. T he Qing, former allies of the Ming, had grown so much political power that they controlled most of the provincial territories held by the former Ming Emperor. Remaining survivors of the Ming dynasty either fled or relocated in different provinces, especially for 5 youths 4 boys and 1 girl that would train at minute Si Lum Temple. The five youths would later be known as the Five Elders of Sil Lum. The Five Elders individual(a)ly trained loyalists in the art of Kung-Fu, leading to the onset of secret notorious societies, which we now know as the Triads. During this time the Qing had an increasing awareness of partisan attacks soon thereafter, in their impatience, the Qing armies burned and destroyed monasteries and temples including the Sil Lum Temple. The Five Elders traveled in disguise after the destruction of the Sil Lum Temple for a year and a half however, discord grew among the elders and they soon fought each other. As frustration grew Jee Shin challenged Bak mei to a martial arts duel, but in the end Jee Shin died. Shock rippled amongst the other elders, in fury, Mew Hin also fought with Bak Mei, but met the uniform fate as Jee Shin. Fung Doe Duk was next to challenge Bak Mei. Despite beingness closely matched Doe Duk delivered a compound fracture to Bak Meis foot which would later hide him. After the fighting, Fung Doe Duk and Ng Mui, the last remaining elders, parted on different paths to teach their own forms of martial arts Ng Mui who would teach the Dragon-Tiger administration (Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association). Practice of the crouched Dragon-Tiger system also led to representation of wholeness of the Triad symbols the red dragon.Ethnocentrism is characterized by the belief or attitude that singles own group is best (Mish). Ethnocentricity applies to the Triads because society (the norm) sees this group as a counterculture due to the type of relationship between the members and the type of rituals, rules, etc to make and maintain that relatio nship between one another. According to Rachel Blundy in the Law and Crime section of the South China Morning Post as groups started to form, members were called to view each other as caudex brothers. Signifi hind endce of calling each other blood brothers led to the thought process that the bond between quaints was just like that of family if not superior because verity was both being given and received. This was augmented by the structure of hierarchy in the Triads which, also led to the enforcement of rules, expectations, and conducts for each member to follow (Blundy). In the edifying Lantern, Nepstad wrote thata famous rule for new members was an initiation oath known as 36 oaths. During initiation each member would recite the 36 oaths, pledging their respect and loyalty only to each other and the Triad group. If, in whatever flair, any of the oaths are broken then that member shall face punishment by 5 thunderbolts or a myriad of swords (Nepstad). Sacrifices are also a part of initiation ceremonies, a chicken is typically slaughtered and its blood is drained into a cup for drinkable (Nepstad). If other cultures or great deal were to look upon this ceremony they would be disgusted, but this is how the Triads display and elicit ethnocentrism through the strict rules of conduct, which is specifically stated in the oaths and their overwhelming rituals. Although this is not of the norm in in the culture of the larger society it is a practice that helps define the Triads as a counterculture and augments this practice as something that is coarse only to their culture and behavior.Cultural relativism is the belief that a culture should be judged by their own standards and not by the standards of other cultures (Thomas). In this side, although the Triads are a subculture they are better known as a counterculture because they reject the practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns by participating in poisonous b ehavior. Due to an increase of Triad members there has also been a rise in criminal activities Hong Kong has dedicated a police division specifically for Triads known as the Organized Crime and Triad Bureau in order to take occupy of this problem (Blundy). Three main Triad groups that take on the largest amount of followers or influence, especially in Hong Kong, are Sun Yee On, 14K, and Wo Shing Wo (Blundy). In an estimated membership of 20,000 Triad members closely 2000 would actually be active in criminal behavior (Nepstad). According to Blundy from South China Morning Post such behavior includes do drugs trafficking, which is a major source of income for the groups. Most of the drug being trafficked are opium, heroin, and cocaine. Other criminal activities that the Triad groups engage in are fraud, extortion, gambling, money, laundering, and prostitution (Blundy). In recent years Triad members pull in turned to credit card fraud, minibus concessions, call-girl rings, and comp uter software and CD pirating (Hays).Personally, I do believe that the Triads are a counterculture because cultures in todays society, although they vary, do not participate, in any look, in criminalist behavior like the Triads do. A general or main goal for the culture of the larger society is to have a career job, which helps tins a steady income. However, in the view point of cultural relativism the Triads are a counterculture that displays ethnocentrism because they have no jobs and they spend their free time participating in criminal activities to gain dirty money based on chances and risks while risking their First Amendment rights and liberty. Also, the fact that Triads are impulsive to risk their rights shows ethnocentrism because they have the belief that they are to a higher place the fairness. Whereas, impartialityful citizens would not be able to perform such actions because they value their rights and freedom. The Triad groups have been a counterculture since the start of the Qing dynasty to our present date their actions that defines them as a counterculture do not seem to be getting better if not worse and will continue their reckless, criminal behavior.ReferencesBlundy, Rachel. A Brief History of Hong Kongs Triad Gangs. 4 February 2017. Website. 5 March 2017.Hays, Jeffrey. Facts and Details Triads and Organized Crime in China. April 2012. Website. 9 March 2017.Mish, Frederick C. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary Tenth Edition. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2000. Book.Nepstad, Peter. Triads. 15 March 2015. Website. 5 March 2017.Thomas, W. LaVerne. Sociology The Study of Human Relationships. Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. Book.Wing Chun Kung-Fu Association. History and Lineage The Five Elders. 2004. Website. 6 March 2017.GOOD SAMARITAN ACT MUNTINLUPAGOOD SAMARITAN ACT MUNTINLUPAChapter 1IntroductionPeople have different perception when it comes to generosity, some are selfish some are not and others are hesitant. For us nurs es, we are have to help people in terms of their medical exam needs but how are we going to do that when we are not in the actual eyeshot?When it comes to an hap, life and death is just a string apart and every second is very crucial to the victim. Here in the Philippines, any person who is close to the crime scene is not allowed to help or to touch the victim if he is not a trained medical professional. The by-standers can only bring out the fate system for help and wait for the authorities response that is why survival rate drops. In other country, they are able to help victims of an accident without being afraid to be sued for any unintentional injury or unlawful actions that they commit in helping a victim. This is because they are protected by the keen Samaritan Law, it is a law that retains a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim in distress from being successfully sued for wrongdoing. Its purpose is to keep people from being reluctant to help a stranger in need for fear of legal repercussions if they were to make some mistake in treatment (Devereaux, 2007). dictation of the problemThe look intoers will study the a number of medical professionals or those who have completed Red Cross training whom earnest Samaritan Law may only apply. Specially, it seek to answer to the following questionsWhat is the profile of the health care professional in terms of1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3Length of service1.4 Civil location1.5 Religion1.6 Area of affiliationHow do health care professionals perceived?2.1 perceived Severity2.2 Perceived Barrier2.3 Perceived Benefits2.4 Cues to Action2.5 Other Variables2.6 self EfficacyDoes the profile of the sufficeents tie in to the perception of the good Samaritan Act?HypothesesThe seekers formulated the following hypothesesH1 There significant relationship between perception and employment of ripe Samaritan Act.H2 The profile of the respondents differ from the application of impregnable Samaritan ActSignificance of the StudyThe purpose of this study is to determine the significant relationship about the perception and the application of skillful Samaritan Act of the Healthcare professionals practicing in the Philippines. This study may provide ideas and could view Healthcare professional belief about Good Samaritan Act whether this could provide improvement in medical and emergency cases. In Nursing Practice this may provide as help to develop their nursing skills and knowledge in providing first aids and basic life support.This study could benefit clients by giving entropy and knowledge which can be obtained through out the research process and by the end of the research. The clients could acquire knowledge and awareness about the Good Samaritan Act, their rights and the dos and donts of the Healthcare professionals.In Nursing Education this may grant knowledge to the people in nursing field about their duties and obligation in providing care to an emergency lieu.This study could benefit students in giving information and knowledge about the Healthcare professionals belief on Good Samaritan Act and as well as the Act itself. It is also beneficial for students to give greatness to any person that they will render help to know there is obligation that to be careful. The students could also have a chance to relate this research to their education.This study could benefit the Nursing practice through proper acknowledgment how to respond in emergency cases and its implication.Future Nursing Researchers may also be benefited by this study as it may be a reference material for further studies.Scope, Limitations, and DelimitationsThis study was intended to discuss Good Samaritan Act in medical fields. The investigators will focus their investigation on the survey of the health care professionals belief and application with regards to Good Samaritan Act in Muntinlupa metropolis.This study was bound to Healthcare Professionals contingently Registered Nurses, Physicians, Midwives and Red Cross Volunteers regardless of age, sex and race. The researchers focused on the applications and beliefs of the healthcare professionals in practicing Good Samaritan Act with regards to their exposures to different hospitals and community particularly in Muntinlupa City. Individuals may feel the need to present themselves in a more socially acceptable light, and may report to be more assured than they really are. Thus, the findings of this study rely solely on the respondents responses.This study is not applicable to those who are Undergraduate, Medical Technologists, Pharmacists, Dentists, Psychologists and other non healthcare professionals.Conceptual Framework flesh 1. The Paradigm shows the flow of the Profile of Health Care Professional and the Perception of Good Samaritan Act.This relationship is enclosed with a square figures. The relationship is viewed as continuous. unbroken block process was used to show a progression or sequential step in a task, proce ss or a workflow. The first blow is about the profile of healthcare professional, the middle box is the process of input and output , and the last box is about the perception of it. Each box can influence and be influenced by other box of the diagram. The continuous process of the box, is the beginning of the analysis of the perception of the Health Care Professional and Good Samaritan Act.Definition of TermsThe following terms were define conceptually and operationally in relate to the study.Affiliation- A person, organization, or establishment associated with another as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member. 1Age- The length of time that one has existed or simply the duration of life. 2Application of Good Samaritan Act- The act of directing or referring something to a good Samaritan act to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence. 3Consent- To consent rigorouss to give approval and to agree by free will. Both parties must be fully conscious and have clearly communicated their consent and in the end signed a legal document. 4Emergency medical services These are services dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient, or the medical practitioner, believes constitutes a medical emergency. 5First Aider- First aiders are the one who gives initial care to an illness or injure person. It generally consists of a series of simplistic and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. 6Good Samaritan Act- laws or acts protecting those who choose to shell out and tend to others who are injured or ill. They are intended to reduce bystanders hesitation to help oneself, for fear of being sued or prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death. 7Health Care Professionals- Health care professional means a person who is legally competent to diagnose and/ or treat the particular medical condition or conditions which are the basis of the accommodation request. 8Liability- Means something that is a hindrance or puts an individual or groups at a disadvantage or something that someone is responsible for. 12Midwives- A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth. 9Negligence- It is the quality of being heedless or a failure to act. It means that someone was careless and as a result of that someone was injured. 10Obligation- The state, fact, or feeling of being obligated(predicate) to another for a special service or favor received. A social, legal, or moral requirement, such as a duty, contract, or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action. 11Perceived Benefits- Something that promotes or enhances well- being an advantage that an individual may received. 16Perceived Barriers- Anything that prevents or obstruct passage, access, or progress. 172Perceived Severity- The act or an ins tance of severe behavior, especially punishment. 13Physicians- A physician is a person who has analyse in the medical field. They are educated and taught to take care of patients in a certain field or specialty. A person licensed to practice medicine. 14Registered Nurses- A registered nurse is a licensed nurse who works in hospitals and doctors offices assisting patients. 15Self Efficacy- Variety of ways as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals. 16Volunteers- It is an individual willing to sacrifice his/her time under transnational human raceitarian organization which aim is to protect the human life and health without any discrimination based on sex, nationality or race. 17Notes1. Gulam H, Devereaux J (2007). A brief primer on Good Samaritan Law for health care professionals2.http//chcr.umich.edu/how_we_do_it/health_theories/healththeories2/chcr_document_viewChapter IICHAPTER 2Review of Related Literature and StudiesThis chapte r presents a review of related literature and studies which helped the researchers pursue the study.Foreign LiteratureThe Good Samaritan law is not found on the statute books, but has been a concept that courts have employ as public policy. However, this has recently changed in all the states and territories in Australia with the codification of Good Samaritan law. This paper is a timely reminder for health practitioners of the doctrine of the Good Samaritan, as well as the relative legal uncertainty of rescue at greens law. The doctrine of Good Samaritan is a principle that works to prevent a rescuer who has voluntarily assisted a person in distress from being successfully sued for a wrongdoing. Despite no case law directly addressing the liability of a health care professional for failing to render assistance in a Good Samaritan situation, there are medical practitioners being found liable for damages and/or guilty of professional misconduct for failing to respond to requests fo r assistance. There has been no known case where a Medical practitioner (or health care professional) has been held liable for providing emergency care in good faith to a stranger. The codification of the doctrine of Good Samaritan law in the various jurisdictions in Australia goes some way towards providing protection from legal action for those persons (including health care professionals) who act in good faith to assist those in danger. There is no doubt that this legislative codification is a social good we must be willing to help others who are injured or in distress, without risk to ourselves, including from a legal perspective. 1Most Good Samaritan statutes rely on the concepts of ordinary disuse and piggish negligence. Ordinary negligence means that the individual providing aid did not act as a reasonable health care provider would under similar circumstances. Contrast that with gross negligence, which generally means not only that the individual did not conform to the ac cepted standard of care, but also that his or her actions rose to the level of being willful, wanton or even malicious. Although there has never been a successful case against a physician who claimed Good Samaritan protection after providing emergency care outside a hospital, many physicians feel concerned about the legal consequences that might befall them in these situations. The fact is that all 50 US states have some type of law that seeks to encourage medical professionals to act as Good Samaritans by offering certain protections. 2What can be utter about what nurses ought to do in terms of truth telling and condole with?The essence of caring, at least in this article, is found in the story of the Good Samaritan. Nurses care when they are present with another with a closeness that evokes compassion. Hence, the caring nurse is focused on the other so that the others welfare is paramount. This other regardingness to which the caring nurse gives precedence means becoming emotio nally involved to an extent that the nurse strives to be like the Samaritan. Nurses ought to respond in a caring way that is reasonable rather than exact. Strict adherence to a principle or rule of obligation may mean playing in a way that is indicative of the sanctified men, as described in the parable of the Good Samaritan. A caring nurse responding virtuously acts by being compassionate, which may mean for a time accepting the prima facie nature of the rules or principles of truth telling. 3Although there has never been a successful case against a physician who claimed Good Samaritan protection after providing emergency care outside a hospital, many physicians feel concerned about the legal consequences that might befall them in these situations. The fact is that all 50 US states have some type of law that seeks to encourage medical professionals to act as Good Samaritans by offering certain protections. The purpose of this article is to explain the basics of these laws, as wel l as physicians value orientational duties, so that when they encounter opportunities to act as a Good Samaritan, they will have a better understanding of what theyre getting into. The odds of being successfully sued for malpractice as a result of providing Good Samaritan care are stacked well in their favor, so much so that the fear of litigation should not be a factor in their decision about whether to help when the situation presents itself. 4Random acts of kindness are always impressive. They let people know that there are good people in the instauration who care about others. Good deeds also give a sense of security they tell that everyone lives in a world where at least people look out for others. People helping other people is what any civilized society is all about. If you do your share selflessly, the world would be a better place. Helping others is a sign of strength and decency and it is what makes one a better person. 5Foreign StudiesGlobal Good Samaritans looks at the reasons why and how some states promote human rights internationally, arguing that humanitarian internationalism is more than episodic altruism-it is a pattern of persistent principled politics. Human rights as a principled foreign policy defies the realist prediction of untrammeled pursuit of national interest, and suggests the utility of constructivist approaches that investigate the role of ideas, identities, and influences on state action. Brysk shows how a divers(prenominal) set of democratic middle powers, inspired by visionary leaders and strong civil societies, came to see the linkage between their long-term interest and the common good. She concludes that state promotion of global human rights may be an option for many more members of the international community and that the international human rights regime can be strengthened at the interstate level, alongside social movement campaigns and the struggle for the democratization of global governance. 6The Good Samaritan an d the registered nurse both respond in a manner that is fitting. This caring response, as an ethic of the fitting, acknowledges that rules alone do not guarantee the most ethically justifiable outcomes. Rather, within this ethic of the fitting, at times the nurse ought to respond with a sense of compassion that befits the moment rather than adhere to a rule at all costs. The holy men in the parable of the Good Samaritan concern themselves with the external goods of policy and status. In subordinating themselves to the external goods, they care less. However, the Samaritan recognizes what is due to a fellow human being and takes action to alleviate anothers suffering. It is clear that the caring depicted here is founded on the virtue of compassion. Hence, the caring nurse is focused on the other so that the others welfare is paramount. This other regardingness to which the caring nurse gives precedence means becoming emotionally involved to an extent that the nurse strives to be like the Samaritan. Nurses ought to respond in a caring way that is reasonable rather than exact. Strict adherence to a principle or rule of obligation may mean acting in a way that is indicative of the holy men, as described in the parable of the Good Samaritan. A caring nurse responding virtuously acts by being compassionate, this may mean for a time accepting the prima facie nature of the rules or principles of truth telling. 7Benjamin S. Abella, MD, MPhil, Clinical Research theater director of Penns Center for Resuscitation Science and Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, says bystanders can play a critical role in saving lives by performing cardiorespiratory resuscitation during the 150,000 cardiac dreads that occur each year outside of hospitals in the United States.Studies show that only 15 to 30 percent of sudden cardiac arrest victims receive bystander CPR before emergency personnel arrive, Abella says. But chances for survival plummet as minutes tick by without any bl ood move through the body. Early bystander CPR, however, doubles to triples survival rates. 8NotesHyder Gulam, John Devereux. Australian Health Review. Sydney Aug 2007. Vol. 31, Iss. 3 pg. 478, 5 pgsRobert J Dachs, Jay M Elias. Family Practice Management. Leawood Apr 2008. Vol. 15, Iss. 4 pg. 37, 4 pgsAnthony Tuckett, NURSING PRACTICE COMPASSIONATE DECEPTION AND THE GOOD SAMARITANRobert J Dachs, Jay M Elias. Family Practice Management. Leawood Apr 2008. Vol. 15, Iss. 4 pg. 37, 4 pgsCharles S Lauer. Modern Healthcare. Chicago Sep 13, 2004. Vol. 34, Iss. 37 pg. 30, 1 pgs.Alison Brysk, Global Good SamaritansHuman Rights as Foreign Policy7.http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=9did=800156321SrchMode=1sid=11Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1278353293clientId=727108.http//www.news-medical.net/news/2008/01/15/34307.aspxChapter IIISurvey Questionnaire for Health Care Professionals with end Red Cross TrainingThe researchers are conducting a study on Health care Professionals with c ompleted Red Cross Training in Muntinlupa City about their perception on Good Samaritan Act. It will measure the respondents perception about Good Samaritan Act and the extent of their knowledge about this and their application.To enable the researcher to make the necessary conclusions and recommendations for this study, it would be very much appreciated if you answer all the items in this questionnaire.Information given will be treated in strictest confidence.Thank you,Part IName ____________________________( optional)Age 20-25 36-40 51-55 26-30 41-45 56-60 31-35 46-50 61 and aboveGender Female Civil Status single Male married leaveReligion Roman Catholic Baptist Christian Protestant Muslim others __________Location of Affiliation public private hospital clinic health center self usePart II eversometimesOFTEN TIMESSELDOM neerIf you see a patient in critical condition, are you willing to help?Do you prefer in helping a victim with a highe r survival rate than those who is more critical?Do you expect anything in return for your help?Do you believe that Good Samaritan act will improve persons survival in emergency case?Do bystander is a hindrance in helping in an emergency situation?Do you feel nervous when there is an emergency situation?Is the gender of the victim contributes to be a rescuer when there is an emergency situation?Are you willing to help whenever there is an emergency situation?In rendering care, do you grade your safety before doing such actions?Does your mood run into your ability in rendering care to a victim?Does the place of the emergency affect you in rendering help?Are you prepared in an emergency situation?Do you believe that you are well equipped?PART IIIALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDo you prefer to help a family member or friend when there is an emergency situation?Is there a difference in level of care in rendering a help to a relative and to a mere stranger?Do you secure consent be fore rendering care?Does a consent form will excuse you for being liable to your actions?In case of an emergency, are you willing to help those in need?Are you willing to help a victim without expecting anything in return?Does the place of the emergency affect you in rendering care?Do you secure your safety when rendering help?Do you familiarize yourself in the laws applied in the area of emergency case?Do you apply your actions in rendering help from the statue of constitution?PART IVALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDo you apply your health beliefs in giving care?Does your belief affect your application of rendering care?PART VALWAYSSOMETIMESOFTEN TIMESSELDOMNEVERDoes the competency of a health care provider deteriorate as aged?After a long period of rest in practising, does the competency of a health care provider deteriorates?