Macroeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Macroeconomic - Essay Example In addition, BBC News Business (2011) asserts that there is a high rate of unemployment in the United Kingdom that requires the government to take comprehensive measures if the situation is to be reversed. The united kingdom government has taken some fiscal and monetary policy measures in an attempt to reverse the economic situation. According to Warrell (2012), the government has reduced its spending by outsourcing security and other services from private firms as one of the chief fiscal policies. However, several stakeholders claim that the government is not doing enough, and the Institute of Directors is calling for further cuts in public spending, and reduced taxation, which is the other approach to fiscal policy (O’Connor, 2012). In addition to the above mentioned fiscal policies, the United Kingdom government has taken key monetary policy approaches including inflation targeting and quantitative easing. According to BBC News Business (2012a), the central bank lowered the base lending rates in order to encourage banks to lend more to individuals and corporations; however, despite a low base lending rate of 0.5 percent, banks did not increase their lending and the central bank may raise the rates to 0.75 or 1 percent. According to BBC News Business (2012b), the Bank of England decided to use quantitative easing as the other monetary policy approach in order to reverse the economic situation. In early 2009, the bank injected  £75 billion into the economy, which had increased to  £200 billion by the end of that year. In October 2011 and February 2012, the bank added  £75 billion and  £50 billion respectively to bring the total amount injected into the economy using the quantitative easing approach to  £ 325 billion. The United Kingdom reduced its expenditure in an attempt to redeem the national economy and pay of its debts, which is a more preferable approach as compared to the other viable option of increasing taxation.

Social Media Texting And Bad Grammar English Language Essay

Social Media Texting And Bad Grammar English Language Essay LOL and OMG have been the acronyms of the decade becoming a trend in the way people communicate. Social media has expanded so much that people are becoming dependent on the Internet and are creating their own language. Social media is making the generation develop bad grammar. This issue is a problem because it is making society incapable of structuring coherent sentences making the generation dumb. The more hours that are squandered on Facebook, Twitter and other social media outlets, people are spending less time focusing on their education and grammar and the more time is being put into chatting. Social Media and texting is promoting bad grammar because people are adapted to writing slang online and while they text and when they try to write proper, they cannot because they are accustomed to writing colloquially.   Bad grammar has gotten so severe that the news channels have made several appearances talking about Social Media and Bad Grammar. A video that was posted on Channel 19 KYTX that is a local news station in Tyler, Texas that talks about bad  grammar  and how students are trying to use bad grammar not only on Facebook, Twitter and while texting but are trying to use it the classroom in their essays. Living in a Social Media trying to communicate as fast as possible we much keep conversations short, I dont even put periods, question marks or anything. I just type it and go, said Kaylee McPherson. With the generation being based on technology it was bear the happen where people are ending up not just texting in acronyms but also taking them. McPherson states that, Now, they actually start talking it. I hear people talking and Im like you kind of sound dumb. Not only are teenagers using shorthand on scoial media but also in the classroom. Melanie McNeils a High School English teach er says that when she grades papers she sees the lingo in their essays, Ok, this is one I see a lot. B4=before, OMG=oh my, u=you, y=why, said Melanie McNeil. Instead of McNeil giving her students no credit for that type of language used in their essays she also talks to her student about to difference between casual language and academic language and when is it proper to use the two. This Web lingo has increased so much that even the oxford English dictionary has even added the words: Lol, Omg,Tweet, Retweet and even Sext. That there is justification that the world is changing due to Social Media. Ontario Waterloo University in Canada require students to pass and English testing their  English  language skills in order to be accepted into the University and 1/3 are failing and now they are  blaming  social media. Ontario Waterloo is a great example someone trying to do something about the bad grammar problem and thank god it is educational. People should be happy that Univer sities are doing this then maybe at least maybe people will try harder to fix grammar and less on Social Media cites. Bad Grammar and Social Media go hand in hand people are so excited to sent a instant message that they make a shorthand of words and do not use full sentences. This is a server problem that needs to be  addressed  and we need to communicate effectively to change the bad grammar that our generation has developed. Being depend on social media affects one and people stop communicating and it will eventually affect us in the long run when we apply for jobs. Switching from academic to colloquial language is difficult for most getting accustomed to changing the language and it is declining grammar skill. In the article, No LOL matter: Tween texting may lead to poor grammar skills by Pen State Official University News Source this article discuss how  tweens  who are in the age range between nine and fourteen are texting in  acronyms  and according to researches are decline language and   grammar skills(par. 1). Text messaging may be an easy and fast way for one to communicate but according to Drew Cingel who is a Distinguished   Professor of Communications and co-director of the Pen States Media Effects Research Laboratory states that, The use of these shortcuts may hinder a tweens ability to switch between techspeack and normal rules of grammar(par. 5). Teachspeak is when someone uses shortcuts while texting, on a social media site or chatting, such as U for You. Cingel gave middle school children in  Pennsylvania a grammar assessment   test at a 9th grade level to see if everyone up to par she eventually stated after receiving the scores, Overall, there is evidence of a decline in grammar scores based on the number of adaptions in sent text messages(par. 8). The most people text the more they will adapt to that type of style and will not be about to distinguish whether they are writing proper or not. In High School I always experienced teachspeak, when I was in my English class the teacher would tell us to peer review each others essay. I would always notice that in every paper I would peer review I would at least see one or more tachspeak errors where someone would u instead of you .That is why researches have stated that it is affecting childrens  grammar. Some may say that social media has been a way to connect with our lost love ones and some researchers have stated that social media is the downfall of the generation. The Internet is growing rapidly and it and has created many alternative ways from one to get information such as Dictionary.com, where one can look up a definition instead of grabbing a dictionary and instead of reading a book there are books online that you can use on your Ipad or kindle. Social media and texting has have a downfall on our grammar and it is getting harder to multitask. In the article, Yes, People Still Read, But Now Its Social by Steven Johnson it explains how people are reading books on a Kindle but Mr.Carrs who is the author of, The Shallows states, These distraction comes with heavy cost scientific studies show how multitasking harms our concentration(427). Due to social media such as Twitter, Facebook,and YouTube etc. being used all at once people are less likely to be able to focus.  People  w ho multitask more are going to be faced with certain  challenges  in school when they are not able to concentrate in their studies. According to a study they found out that, Heavy multitasking  performed  about about 10 to 20 percent worse on most test than light  multitasking (427). So it is true that Social media is making us dumber, people may read books on Kindle and might be happy that they are reading books but Mr.Carrs concern is that people are not thinking with a high-level mind set and people are reading pages on a screen. I feel like if society is going to depend on the internet eventually people people will stop talking in complete and full sentences and will start using acronyms and that will affect peoples  grammar  when they are trying to write in an educational matter. The statistics for text messages have increased over the years. According to the Chicago Tribute that stated that Pew Research claims, 72% of adults and 87% of teens send and receive text messages(par.2). It is not only the teenagers that are constantly texting but also adults who are texting away. An executive editor of the American Heritage Dictionary named Steve Kleindetr says that when you text you may want to pay close attention to your attention. Kleinder gives us an example, If youre texting a friend who has difficulty with loose grammatical standards, be sure to spell out u (par. 2). This is a great point that Kleinder stated one must always think about the audience if it is either sending a text message or an email. No one will send an email to their boss saying Sup, cant make 2 wrk L8ts and especially if you had a friend who struggles with grammar you would write out everything clearly. Grammar is a huge part of our society and, People will always judge you, so write with that in mind, Kleinedler says. I personally have never wrote in short hand reason being that I struggle in English and I am not a very good speller, and if I were to write colloquialisms I would not help myself. That is why I made a pact with myself to always write in complete sentences if I am either texting on Facebook or Twitter no matter what. This has actually been beneficial to me because I have never written colloquiums in my essays I might still be a bad speller but at least I do not do it on purpose. Our generation will never be the same the Internet will always have some sort of power over us and with the development of technology increasing there is nothing we can do but educate ourselves. Just because everyone is texting and on Facebook sounding illiterate does not mean we have to do it too. We must take a stand and show society that the generation might be powered with technology but we are using it for our education and other beneficial things. Grammar will always be a problem and it can be fixed but with so many Social media outlets using Weblingo there is no way everyone will stop trying to be cool and rebel against it. Some people will not want to do it but they are dumb-ing themselves down. People need to learn how to talk proper and how to communicate instead of through Facebook and over a text. If this issue is not fixed our generation will be destroyed and there will be no way to fix it. Web Cited Austin, Anthony. Special Report: Social Media Bad Grammar. cbs19.tv. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. Hameker, Christian. A Moratorium on Social-Media Grammar?  Rural Telecommunications  31.3 (2012): 8-.  ABI/INFORM Complete.  Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Johnson, Steven. Yes, People Still Read, But Now Its Social. Beyond Words: Cultural Texts for Reading and Writing. Eds. John Ruszkiewicz, Daniel Anderson, and Christry Friend. San Francisco: Pearson. 2010. 427-429. Print. Sunder, S Shyam. No LOL matter: Tween texting may lead to poor grammar skill. Pen State News. 25 July 2012. Pen State. Web. 20 Feb 2013.

Guilt in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Guilt in The Scarlet Letter What is guilt? We all have guilt about something. Maybe forgetting something, lied about something, or even did something that shouldn't of been done. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne we saw guilt fester in the minds and outward appearance of the main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth. When you hear the word guilt what do you think it means? Guilt means remorseful awareness of having done something wrong or of having failed to do something required or expected. Does that sound about right? Guilt is something everyone has. Its this mental manifestation that lets us know when we did something wrong but no one knows it yet. Guilt is very powerful. Some people after awhile give in to this guilt and confess what they did. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale commit a great sin. Because of this great sin, it causes them immense guilt and sadness though out the rest of the book. One of the main character's that is affected the most is Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale handles it in a different way though, to him its more of a "concealed sin." A example of this is, "It may be that they are kept silent by the very constitution of their nature. Or - can we not suppose it - guilty as they may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for God's glory and man's welfare, they shrink from displaying themselves black and filthy in the view of men; because, thenceforward, no good can be achieved by them; no evil or the past be redeemed by better service." Dimmesdale also has another reason for his concealing, he wants to remain silent so that he can continue to do God's work as a minister. Hester Prynne handles her guilt in another way. Instead of worrying about it day after day and letting to fester, she makes it outward. At the beginning of the book she wears the most awesome clothes and shows the world she's not guilty for what she has done. An example of this is, "And never had Hester Prynne appeared more lady-like, in the antique interpretation of the term,

Climate Change Caused by Human

Examine the role of one human activity in causing climate change With the rapid development of contemporary society, the balance between human and the nature has been destroyed. The increase of globally averaged temperature on the earth’s surface has occurred over the past century. Thus, climate problems have been the initial international issue to be handled. Industrial production is one of human activities causing climate change. Firstly, this essay will analyze how carbon dioxide and small carbon particles lead to climate change.Secondly, this essay will present the cooling effect of Feron on global temperature. Finally, this essay will discuss how deforestation in expanding industrial land changes climate. The combustion of fossil fuels is inevitable in industrial production, because it provides extreme high temperature and continuous heat. It is the direct contributor to climate changes by emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide has increased since industrial revolution.In the past ten years, the situation has deteriorated, as the increase in the concentration has become far quicker than previous predictions (Adam, 2007). The majority of carbon dioxide emission results from fossil fuels. Due to the increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, more sun energy is absorbed and trapped in the atmosphere, enhancing greenhouse effect (NDPI, 2008). Not only greenhouse gases but also carbon particles, consisting of heavy smoke which is produced by burning fossil fuels, are responsible for climate change.These particles gather in clouds, increasing the density of the atmosphere, which causes sun heat radiation be absorbed and trapped inside the earth without being released. With less heat reflecting back to the space, negative impacts on earth’s warming are amplifyed. Consequently, burning fossil fuels in industrial production is a major cause of climate change. Freon, used as refrigerant in some industrial equipment, is another greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.This gas will corrode ozone layer, which helps to prevent ultraviolet rays from reaching the Earth, by several chemical actions; whereas the gas itself plays the role of catalyst, which means it will not reduce when decomposing ozone. If the earth is exposed to excessive ultraviolet rays, humans will suffer from skin diseases and the ecological environment will be under a dangerous condition. The news said that both Antarctic and Arctic sky had holes and the holes were expanding. It is a warning that requires effective measurements to reduce the release of Freon.Contrary to general perspective, the depletion of ozone has a net effect on cooling the Earth’s surface instead of warming it (Hamgurg, 1997). However, this greenhouse gas is still responsible for climate change. In order to enlarge factories, people require more flat lan d, leading to deforestation, which is another cause of climate change in industrial production. Thousands of forests are being cut down every year, posing a serious problem that destroying the balance between carbon and oxygen to the nature.If the area of forests continue to reduce, extra carbon dioxide cannot be absorbed and not enough oxygen can be produced, which means that the nature will lose the capability of adjusting the composition of atmosphere. Without the proper percent of oxygen in the atmosphere, various plants will be unable to survive, resulting in the increasingly severe destruction of the carbon and oxygen balance. Eventually, this negative cycle in the nature enhances climate change. In conclusion, industrial development plays a vital role in climate change.The emission of Feron erodes ozone layers, which cools the temperature; the combustion of fossil fuels in order to gain extreme high temperature and provide continuous heat, as well as deforestation which creat es more space for factories, increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is a significant cause of the warmer climate. Reference: Adam, D. (2007) Carbon output rising faster than forest, say study. The Guardian online. Available at: http://www. guardian. co. k/environment/2007/oct/23/climatechange. canbonemission (Access 17 January 2011) Hamburg, S. R. et al. (1997) What Human Activities Contribute to Climat Change? Washington DC: United Environment Programme-World Meteorological Organization. Available from: http://www. gcrio. org/ipcc/qa/06. html (Accessed 17 January 2011 ) NSW Department of Primary Industries (2008), What is climate change? Available from:http://www. dpi. nsw. gov. au/research/topics/climate-change/cause (Accessed 17 January 2011)

Ethical problem in psychological research Essay

One very common ethical problem in psychological research is participants falling to answer question which they consider to be very personal (Michell, 1999). When conducting psychological research, the researcher is required to interview the respondents on each and every issue he considers suitable. Some questions posed could be very personal. This makes the respondent feel ashamed of answering the questions or he may feel that his personal life is being interfered with. The researcher needs to be very careful when asking the questions. He should understand the temperament of the respondent before asking the questions. People are normally different. There are some peoples who are hot tempered and others who are not. When approaching some one for an interview, as a researcher I should put on a smiling face. Smile is believed to be the shortest distance between peoples even between enemies. I as a researcher I should understand the mood the respondent is in. By understanding the mood of the researcher I would avoid any unnecessary disagreements, which might make me not get the information I am looking for. If the respondent is in a bad mood, I will try to approach him in a decent manner such that I may make his bad mood capsize. In each and every research, choice of language is very vital. Polite language may make a respondent who is not even willing to give answers to change his attitude and provide answers. Immediately I encounter some potential respondents, I should introduce myself. It defeats equity and common sense reasoning, to go straight to interviewing respondents immediately. As a good researcher I should great them. By so doing I will win their confidence and every doubt they could be having about me is dismissed. Dressing is an important aspect as for as research is concerned. Dressing does not only make one decent but also makes one look genuine in what he is doing. The participants may cease to participate in the research. The participants have the following responsibilities: They should explain to you why they wish to leave, so that you can conduct a debriefing. The participants may wish you to complete the research because you would not again ask personal question. When I am faced with an ethical problem there are some steps I would follow so as to solve it. In the very first I would determine whether there is an ethical issue. I would determine if in one way or another I have infringed one’s rights or values. If so I would ask for forgiveness and a lasting solution is reached at. Secondly I would identify the key values and principles involved. I would typically assess the meanings and limitations apparent to these competing values. Thirdly I would rank the values or ethical principles, which in my professional judgment are relevant to the issues. For example if one is doing a research on the, workers who are getting a monthly salary of $200, a question about salary scales have to be asked. It would sound unethical to ask a person how much he gets. Fourthly I would develop an action plan that is consistent with ethical priorities that have been determined, as crucial to the research. In my mind I will have several alternatives to present to the participant incase they react negatively. In the fifth step, I would implement my plan utilizing the most appropriate practice, skills and competencies. I would employ some tactics like sensitive communication, skillful negotiation and cultural competence. Lastly I would reflect on the outcome of this ethical decision making process. An ethical review committee or ethics team is necessary. These committees will provide counseling to those aggrieved.

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled DOMA and Social Security Benefits for the Disabled On June 26, 2013, the Supreme Court issued its controversial decision in United States v. Windsor, invalidating the definition of marriage formerly established by the DOMA laws.Consequently, the Social Security Administration (SSA) is no longer prohibited from recognizing same-sex marriage for determining benefits.  The Acting Commissioner of Social Security, Carolyn W. Colvin, issued a statement on payments to same-sex couples on August 9, 2013, stating â€Å"I am pleased to announce that Social Security is now processing some retirement spouse claims for same-sex couples and paying benefits where they are due. The recent Supreme Court decision . . . helps to ensure that all Americans are treated fairly and equally, with the dignity and respect they deserve.[i]The Windsor decision is monumental for those who are now entitled to benefits that they were not eligible for previously filed on or after June 26, 2013, including auxiliary and spousal benefits. However, this change also a ffects how offsets are calculated for Supplemental Security Income (‘SSI’) payments. As a result of the Windsor decision, SSA is now able to approve some husband’s and wife’s claims in same-sex marriages.[ii] In order to be eligible, applicants must meet all factors of entitlement, and must have been married in a state that permits same-sex marriage as well as domiciled in a state that recognizes same-sex marriage, either at the time of application or while the claim is pending a final decision. The following chart outlines the states that recognize same-sex marriage from any other states and permitted in that state:[iii]StateDate Same-Sex Marriages from Any Other State Was RecognizedDate Same-Sex Marriages Were Permitted in the StateCaliforniaJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentConnecticutNovember 12, 2008November 12, 2008DelawareJuly 1, 2013July 1, 2013I owaApril 30, 2009April 20, 2009MaineDecember 29, 2012December 29, 2012MarylandFebruary 23, 2010January 1, 2013MassachusettsMay 17, 2004May 17, 2004MinnesotaAugust 1, 2013August 1, 2013New HampshireJanuary 1, 2010January 1, 2010New YorkFebruary 1, 2008July 24, 2011Rhode IslandMay 14, 2012August 1, 2013VermontSeptember 1, 2009September 1, 2009WashingtonDecember 6, 2012December 6, 2012Washington, DCJuly 7, 2009March 9, 2010[i] Ms. Colvin further highlights â€Å"[w]e continue to work closely with the Department of Justice. In the coming weeks and months, we will develop and implement additional policy and processing instructions. We appreciate the public’s patience as we work through the legal issues to ensure that our policy is legally sound and clear. I encourage individuals who believe they may be eligible for  Social Security benefits  to apply now, to protect against the loss of any potential benefits. We will process claims as soon as additional instructions become fi nalized.†[ii] Active and retired governmental employees in same-sex marriages are now able to extend automatic coverage for health insurance and other benefit programs to their spouses and children Note that the Federal Employees Retirement system incorporates Social Security benefits, which encompasses nearly nine-tenths of federal employees, while the Civil Service Retirement System does not include Social Security, covering about four-fifths of the current retired population. Employees were given until August 26, 2013 to make specific changes, including from individual to family, to enrollment or they must wait until November when the annual benefits open enrollment begins.[iii]  See  POMS GN 00210 BASIC, https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/public/reference.nsf/links/08092013111040AM. Further, once the above criteria are satisfied, a claimant for spousal benefits must also meet the one-year duration of marriage requirement prior to the adjudication of the claim. The one-year duration of marriage requirement begins on the date the couple was married and the date of filing an application. Do not consider the date of the Windsor decision for purposes of determining entitlement.Blog Post Provided By:Disability Attorneys of Michigan 30500 Van Dyke Ave, Ste. 400 Warren, Michigan 48093

Romania Turism essays

Romania Turism essays At the eastern edge of Europe, Romania is perhaps best known for its Black Sea resorts, such as Mamaia and the Greco-Byzantine port of Constanta, and the Danube delta, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for its rich wetlands and abundant bird-life. The Transylvanian Alps occupy much of the northern half of the country, the waters of their many spa resorts having been appreciated for their healing properties since Roman times. Romania offers a rich tapestry tourist attractions and vacation experiences unique in Central-Eastern Europe: medieval towns in Transylvania, the world-famous Painted Monasteries in Bucovina, traditional villages in Maramures, the magnificent architecture of Bucharest, the romantic Danube Delta, fairy-tale castles, the Black Sea resorts, the majestic Carpathian Mountains, spas and much more. Transylvania is also the legendary home of Bram Stoker's Dracula, based on an infamous medieval king 'Vlad the Impaler' whose spooky abode at Bran Castle may be visited. The northern half of the country is bisected by the great Carpathian Mountains, most of which are covered by pristine mountain forests which shelter one of Europe's last strongholds for large carnivore populations. Romania is a country with rich biodiversity (ecosystems, species and genetic diversity) and a high percentage of natural ecosystems 47% of the land area of the country is covered with natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The natural integrity of forest ecosystems is indicated by the presence of the full range of European forest fauna, including 60% and 40% of all European brown bears and wolves, respectively. Europes largest wetland, the Danube Delta, also lies predominantly in Romania. Major grasslands, caves, and an extensive network of rivers, add to the ecosystem richness. Important for Romania as well as for all Europe, is that the territory of Romania is a confluence point between biogeographic regions between arctic, ...

Conflict Essay

Conflict Essay Conflict Essay Conflict Essay: Avoid The Conflict In it In every day life, we deal with conflict, if not with ourselves, then with others. Conflict does not have to mean that it is bad; it is simply stated that we have different viewpoints about certain things. A conflict essay is an essay about the conflict in a movie, book or our daily life. Conflict essays usually have five paragraphs, the introductory paragraph, the three body paragraphs and the closing paragraph. Here are tips on professional essay writing: Conflict Essay: Main Structure The introductory paragraph is used to hook the reader and tell the thesis. The thesis is what you are trying to prove by writing the essay, the main point of the entire essay. This paragraph is very important because if the reader is hooked he will read the essay until the end, but if people are not hooked they will not read your paper and you wrote it all for nothing. All three body paragraphs will begin with a topic sentence and at least three pieces of evidence that will support each sentence. The topic sentence represents the main idea of the essay and supports your thesis statement. The body paragraphs in a conflict essay are usually arranged from the least exciting topic sentence to the most exciting, so the reader has something to look forward to. In your closing paragraph, you must restate your thesis statement. However, not with the same words. You have to make sure that no matter what, but your conclusion do not word to word as the original thesis statement. Summarize the three main points, and leave the reader with some final thoughts. To write a successful conflict essay, choose an event that has happened in your life and left you with vivid memories. With each vivid memory, you can describe, not tell what was going on, who was involved, what the conflict was, what feelings were generated, and how it got resolved. An essay on conflict could be on any topic like war, or family conflict, neighbor conflicts, etc. Choose the type of conflict you are most interested in and give your thoughts freedom to develop this idea. Conflict Essay: Writing Help If you do not have time for making researches on your assignments, or you feel stuck in your essay writing, you are welcome to become our customer and we will provide you with a professional help overnight! It is so easy and convenient! Read more: School English Essay Persuasive Essay Topics Personal Essay Expository Essay Essay Topics

Television and Effect on Children Research Paper

Television and Effect on Children - Research Paper Example Constant television viewing by children comes with physical, mental, and emotional ramifications that have been proven to have lasting effects on children if ongoing television viewing is not put to an end. The consequences will be revealed throughout this paper, as well as ways to prevent the consequences from taking place. Physical Ramifications Obesity has become one of the greatest health concerns among children in this day and age, and it has been directly connected to children spending more time in front of the television than outside being active. A massive lack of physical exercise and the need to be eating while watching television has caused children to weigh more now than they have in previous years. The longer that these two activities exist together, the more, and the quicker, that a child’s health is capable of failing. Television is not what it used to be. When the television was first introduced in homes, there were only a handful of television stations and a s imilar number of television shows, most of which were news channels. Nowadays, there are over one hundred easily accessed television channels and almost four times the amount of television shows, many of which are directed at the younger audiences (Liebert et al, 1988) and are usually available roughly around the time that most children are released from school. The television studios know exactly what they are doing when they air certain shows at certain time. As such, children have found it possible to sit in front of the television and watch show after show without even a hint of a break at times that are most convenient for them: when they are most likely to be at home. This ability to be constantly watching television has caused an increase in the amount of time that children spend in front of the television and, similarly, a decrease in the amount of time spent engaging in physical activities, such as sports or simply running around with their friends. This also causes childre n to begin to associate television with good activities and exercise as more of a chore. It is common for people to want to eat while they watch television and movies, and when children sit in front of the television as often as they do, they enjoy many unhealthy snacks and meals while enjoying their television shows. This holds especially true when they come home from school; they crave both something to eat and something to allow themselves to unwind after a long day of school. Excessive eating and a lack of physical activity can cause children to gain great amounts of weight over short amounts of time. The diets of children is another area of concern; most children are not being fed the proper types of food, so they often go for the greasy, fatty snacks while they are watching television. Again, after school snacks often consist of unhealthy snacks in large quantities. Even if their meals throughout the day are healthy, constant snacking of fattening foods can only build up in th e bodies of these children, and if they are not exercising, they are not getting rid of that unhealthy weight. In essence, the longer that children sit in front of the television, the more unhealthy food they are likely to eat. The consequence of the two aforementioned issues is that children gain

Financial Management of eBay Company Assignment

Financial Management of eBay Company - Assignment Example One of the company's strategic business units is Ebay Marketplace-actually the core among its businesses. eBay aims to increase the volume of transactions that are conducted by users as part of its operational objective. By increasing the per-transaction value, as well as its volume, eBay aims to increase its overall objective of increasing operating profit margin. Ebay's human resource policy includes creating a good and friendly environment for its company, where employees will always have an environment which will be human at all times. This includes activities that aim to provide services for employees' convenience including a gym, restaurant, coffee shop and relaxation rooms, as well as family events for special holidays and occasions. Apart from ordinary employees, managers in Ebay are given bonuses and economic benefits as part of their remuneration, as regards the company's human resource policies. By including bonuses and other economic benefits to people who hold top positions in the company, the company aims to improve accountability and lessen the agency costs-with top managers as the agency to the shareholders. Consider the extent to which these objectives are in conflict with each other.On one hand, the company aims to improve its operating profit margin. On the other hand, costs that are related to increasing...eBay aims to increase the volume of transactions that are conducted by users as part of its operational objective. By increasing the per-transaction value, as well as its volume, eBay aims to increase its overall objective of increasing operating profit margin. Ebay's human resource policy includes creating a good and friendly environment for its company, where employees will always have an environment which will be human at all times. This includes activities that aim to provide services for employees' convenience including a gym, restaurant, coffee shop and relaxation rooms, as well as family events for special holidays and occasions.  

War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

War on Drugs - Essay Example On the one hand, the "war on drugs" helps criminal justice system to control illegal drug trade and reduce a number of drug addicts. The creation of the threat estimate is a logical and orderly examination of all the factors which when combined give shape to the threat. The circularity of effects should be dear. As American communities changed, fear of the unfamiliar and unknown, and consequently that of crime, rose. As a result, when people encounter illegal acts they are more likely to call the police, out of fear, whereas in the past, when the situation did not contain the element of unfamiliarity, the issue would be handled informally. So increasing fear is a cause of acceleration in reported crime when the actual incidence of crime has remained stable. In contrast to this view, "many critics claim that current drug control strategy is not only unnecessarily punitive but also largely ineffective". The majority of survey respondents str not satisfied with the present situation, ch aracterizing information/intelligence exchange as being "hit or miss," with actual "intelligence business" being conducted by personal contact and investigator meetings-in short, on a case by case basis. They cited limited connectivity between existing and planned networks and limited integration of federal efforts with those of state and local. Some investigators query systems but are reluctant to provide information to input. Fears of 'claim jumping' lucrative cases have prompted previously cooperative agencies to act much more cautiously." Additionally, "guarding drug intelligence and concealing major. â€Å"The current "prosecute-or-extradite" system functions through national prosecutions aided by ad hoc international cooperation. It leaves the enforcement of narcotics laws to individual nation-states, as nations may choose to assert jurisdiction and prosecute drug traffickers within their national justice systems, to extradite them to a requesting state, or to avoid taking an y action" (Mcconville 2000, p. 75). In addition, "the war on drugs" becomes a real burden for criminal justice system and prisons. Crowding in penal institutions may produce the most volatile situation of all. Many prisoners do not have a chance to be put on parole, so the effects of crowding apply steady pressure on them. That pressure is exacerbated by the violence, racism, and sense of hopelessness found in prisons. Crowding affects prison life in two ways: control of the prison population is more difficult as individual disciplinary problems and major disturbances increase, and individual deterioration is fostered (Miller, 2004). Prisoners living in crowded facilities for sustained periods commit suicide, die, are murdered, create disturbances, become ill, and have interpersonal problems more often than inmates not living in crowded surroundings. Both the actual amount of living space available to each inmate and the total number of men or women incarcerated are related to the negative impacts of imprisonment. Larg e institutions produce more severe physical and psychological effects than smaller facilities (The War on Drugs

Evaluation of Visual Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation of Visual Environment - Essay Example the building houses the school’s swimming team and the trainers. The building also hosts several competitions during the year and therefore, the lighting conditions had to meet the regulations. Its surface light should not exceed 50 candles. To stay within this limit, the designers used revolutionary technology of metal halides rated at 1000 watts. The building also hosts several special occasions such celebratory events for a win for the team or other such event. For this purpose, the designer included an extra layer of luminous material. This can be turned on during the celebrations to inform all within sight of the building of what was going on (Jenifer, 2011). During construction, the electrical devices in a building are supplied with power through cabling laid in the walls. However, with a glass building, cabling becomes tricky. The cables have to blend in with the glass walls and be invisible. Various innovations made this possible in the athletic center. The cables are undetectable. From the professional point of view of an architect, the lighting design should give the building its individual character. The lighting design of the athletic center gives off the aquatic associations of the building. Most people agree that clear water is blue in color. This is what the designers relied upon when making their choice of color to be used in this building. Generally, there are three environments where lighting design would be needed. These are environments meant for public service and work, environments meant for exhibitions and sales events and those meant for leisure and residence. The athletic center fits in the category of leisure environment. The athletes need visual stimulation and therefore designers have to consider this factor when making their decisions. Lighting can consume a lot of energy if the correct technology is not used in the design. In the case of the athletic

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Essay

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Module and Evaluate their Advantages and Disadvantages - Essay Example Individuals as well as groups make decisions as a reaction to a problem in most cases. Robbins (1993) concurs with this assertion when he states that decision making takes place when there is a discrepancy between some current state of affairs and some desired state requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. Decision making is one of the primary responsibilities of all the employees given that they are somehow affected by the decisions made in the organisation. There are various tools or methods that can be implemented in carrying out the decision making process. Against this background, this report seeks to critically evaluate the approach of decision making through focusing on three methods that can be used in decision making and these include the following: project management, knowledge management as well as delegation management The report will outline the advantages and disadvantages of each decision making tool mentioned above and the third part will focus on how these methods can be combined in order to improve decision making in business. 1.1 Outline of the business opportunity Blue Tavern is an established bar but has recently experienced a decline in profits mainly as a result of lack of coordination among the employees which has resulted in some customers leaving without served. However, the management has underscored to implement a decision implement a new information system in a bid to turn around the fortunes of the company. As such, this report seeks to reflect on the benefits and limitations of the approach used in developing this business opportunity. As going to be shown in the following sections, a critique of the effectiveness of the decision making methods mentioned above will be carried. 2.0 Project management The term project is used to describe a set of linked activities which can be described as a onetime activity with a well defined set of desired results (Burke, 2007). A project is usually comprised of a definite start as well as finishing time and goes according to schedule. Project management plays a pivotal role in order for any project to be a success and it involves the following factors that often affect the full implementation of a project: scheduling, budgeting, communication and estimating. Essentially, the purpose of project management is to provide management with valid data upon which management decisions can be based (http://www.pim.com.pk/faq.htm). A holistic approach is required in order for a project as the one outlined above to be a success given that there are negative implications likely to be encountered during the course of implementing the project. Project management is often seen as a viable method of making decisions which often affect different projects. However, this method may have its shortcomings hence the following section is going to critically eva

Europa Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Europa Report - Essay Example The Europa report film faces a lot of disastrous technical failures the lead to lack of communication between them and the earth mission control. Despite the series of very dangerous crises, the Europa crew continue with the mission of reaching Europa where they encounter a lot of scientific mysteries. On this mission, several scientific aspects were used which had different accuracies (National Research Council & Space Studies Board, 28). One of the scientific aspects used included the Radio Science Subsystem. A radio science subsystem is a subsystem that is placed on board of a spacecraft (Carroll & Michael, 76) .The RSS is placed on board for purposes of radio science. The radio Science Subsystem mainly uses signals to determine a medium like that of planetary atmosphere. The spacecraft transmit very high stable signals to the ground stations, receives signals from the ground stations or even both. The transmitted signals parameters are known to the receiver and so the propagation medium or the relative motion of the spacecraft is attributed to these parameters (National Research Council & Space Studies Board, 59). The Radio Science Subsystem was used in the Europa to determine the degree two-time dependent gravity field, to recover K2 amplitude at the Europa’s orbital frequency to 0.003 absolute accuracy, and the phase to 1 degree. The RSS functions include determination of the gas clouds that include the atmosphere and the aura of plasma which surrounds the sun also referred to as the corona. The RSS also characterize gravitational field which explains that there is a body that extends into space around itself. RSS estimates masses of celestial satellites and sizes of particle fields and also the density of ion fields (Carroll & Michael, 99). A magnetometer (MAG) is an instrument that measures vector magnetic field where the information is used to determine the boundaries that are between various plasma regions. The MAG also

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Essay

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Module and Evaluate their Advantages and Disadvantages - Essay Example Individuals as well as groups make decisions as a reaction to a problem in most cases. Robbins (1993) concurs with this assertion when he states that decision making takes place when there is a discrepancy between some current state of affairs and some desired state requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. Decision making is one of the primary responsibilities of all the employees given that they are somehow affected by the decisions made in the organisation. There are various tools or methods that can be implemented in carrying out the decision making process. Against this background, this report seeks to critically evaluate the approach of decision making through focusing on three methods that can be used in decision making and these include the following: project management, knowledge management as well as delegation management The report will outline the advantages and disadvantages of each decision making tool mentioned above and the third part will focus on how these methods can be combined in order to improve decision making in business. 1.1 Outline of the business opportunity Blue Tavern is an established bar but has recently experienced a decline in profits mainly as a result of lack of coordination among the employees which has resulted in some customers leaving without served. However, the management has underscored to implement a decision implement a new information system in a bid to turn around the fortunes of the company. As such, this report seeks to reflect on the benefits and limitations of the approach used in developing this business opportunity. As going to be shown in the following sections, a critique of the effectiveness of the decision making methods mentioned above will be carried. 2.0 Project management The term project is used to describe a set of linked activities which can be described as a onetime activity with a well defined set of desired results (Burke, 2007). A project is usually comprised of a definite start as well as finishing time and goes according to schedule. Project management plays a pivotal role in order for any project to be a success and it involves the following factors that often affect the full implementation of a project: scheduling, budgeting, communication and estimating. Essentially, the purpose of project management is to provide management with valid data upon which management decisions can be based (http://www.pim.com.pk/faq.htm). A holistic approach is required in order for a project as the one outlined above to be a success given that there are negative implications likely to be encountered during the course of implementing the project. Project management is often seen as a viable method of making decisions which often affect different projects. However, this method may have its shortcomings hence the following section is going to critically eva

Value added Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Value added - Case Study Example There are various ways that Nike adds value to its products. One of them is through the development of their products using high level of creativity thus making them unique from their competitors. They put the quality of their products into consideration while at the same time ensuring that they consider the preferences and the needs of the customers. As such, they are always all ears listening to the feedback of their consumers and ensuring that they put into consideration the criticisms given to them. They also add value to their products through advertisements to create awareness to as many individuals around the globe as possible. They also conduct celebrity endorsements to their products to ensure that as many individuals as possible associate with their products. Nike also conducts the value addition of their products through improvement and development of new product or series. One example is the KD series which has developed from KD I to KD III series. Each of the series has its own unique design and price. Nike also adds value to their products by involvement in community affairs including events and also fundraisers (Davis, 2010). This enables individuals to see the social responsibility part of the company thus creating a good reputation for the

Importance Of Mobile Banking System In The Maldives Finance Essay

Importance Of Mobile Banking System In The Maldives Finance Essay INTRODUCTION Banks play a vital role in the economic life of a nation. The wellbeing of an economy is intimately correlated to a healthy banking system. Bankers borrowing; lending and related activities make possible the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. Therefore banks are very valuable associates of economic growth. Banks play an imperative role in utilization of the resources of the country. Banks mobilize the savings of the people for the investment purpose. In the absence of bank, a countrys major portion of capital will remain redundant. Mobile banking can be described as a common phrase used for performing balance checks, account transactions, making and receiving of payments etc via a mobile device; commonly mobile phones. Terms such as M-Banking and SMS Banking are commonly used for mobile banking. This report will look in to the importance of introducing a mobile banking system to the Republic of Maldives, A country formed of 1190 coral islands each separated by open sea. According to the MMA (Maldives Monetary Authority- Central Bank) they are gearing up to launch a mobile banking system in the country from 1st Feb 2011. MMA named its upcoming mobile banking system as Keesa a local word used for wallet. In an Interview given to National Television in 2010 (MNBC-One) the Governor of MMA Mr. Fazeel Najeeb quoted The Maldives Mobile banking system designed to bring a revolution to the financial sector and setting an example for the rest of developing countries in the world. (MNBC-One, 2010) OVER VIEW OF MALDIVES ECONOMY The GDP growth averaged 8.0% over the past two decades raising per capita income about US$ 2,800, the highest in the region and moving the Maldives well into middle income status. After contracting by 4.6% in 2005 due to the tsunami induced fall in tourist arrivals, the economy rebounded by 19.1% in 2006 and appears to have remained robust in 2007. The population of Maldives was estimated 2, 98968 according to the preliminary census 2006. Fishing and tourism plays a vital part of Maldives economic progression. According to MMA there are 6 commercial banks in Maldives with 176186 Account Holders. At present there are only two Mobile service providers in Maldives, who provides Service for 259889 Customers. Dhivehi Raajeyge Gulhun Pvt. Limited or Dhiraagu is Joint Venture Company formed between the Maldivian Government and Cable Wireless and commenced its operations in the Maldives in 1988. (Dhiraagu, 2009). Wataniya Telecom Maldives Started out operations in Maldives as a subsidiary of Wataniya Telecom in February of 2005, it has now become the preferred mobile network for Maldivian locals and tourists alike. The companys quest for perfection and dedication to complete customer satisfaction has placed it on the forefront of Telecommunication solutions in the Maldives. (Wataniya Telecom Maldives 2009) Tabulated profile of Maldives Details % No Total population 298968 Between 15 64 years 62.5 186904 In Employment 110231 Workers on Male 10.3 38971 Workers on Atolls 89.3 71260 Employment By Sector Fishing Industry 11 12125 Tourism 23 25000 Government 31 34000 Others 35 39000 Expatriate Workers 70075 Mobile Subscribers 259889 Resident on Male 41.5 106554 Resident on the Atolls 59.5 153335 Bank Accounts 176186 Resident on Male 65 113893 Resident on The Atolls 35 62293 ATM Cards Issued 62275 Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development Key Indicators 2006  ¨ Maldives 2006 preliminary census figures  ¨ Monthly Statistics, February 2008-MMA  ¨ CGAP survey results from Maldives mobile operators  ¨ CGAP survey results from Maldives banks A MOBILE BANKING SYSTEM WILL RE-SHAPE AND AVANCE MALDIVIAN ECONOMY. Referring to the facts and figures given above (Under over view of Maldives economy) and Tabulated portfolio of Maldives, more than 95% of Maldives is covered geographically by the mobile operators in Maldives. Mean while nearly 90% of population owns mobile phone. According to the Ministry of Planning and National Development Ministry the mobile operators also already have the capacity of providing mobile banking service with minimal investment. (Key Indicators, 2006) The mobile banking system will benefit the Economy in following ways Implement state of the art inter-bank settlement and eliminate risk and increase the safety and efficiency in payment systems Introduce full cheque truncation and automate clearing Promote economic efficiency in the country Reduce dependence on cash and paper based instruments by facilitating electronic payments Establish a fully interoperable retail payment system using cards, mobile and Internet Make banking accessible to all citizens of the Maldives, despite adverse geographic conditions Government and banking sector Mobile banking would save costs associated with printing and supplying cash, free up resources currently used by banks to deliver banking services, automate the banking and clearing system, reduce the transaction costs of banking and payments settlements, deliver banking services to the whole country, increase national savings, and revolutionize the financial industry. Fishing industry According to preliminary census figures of 2006, 11% of Maldivian work force is engaged in fishing industry. Exporting different products of fish is also one of the two main sources of income for the government. Its estimated that there are more than 12000 fishermen in Maldives who spend more than 70 percent of their life in the open sea. Therefore introduction of the mobile banking system, all fishermen are led to access the bank and carry out important transaction any time. This will ease and solve lot of existing difficulties for them regarding banking. It will also circulate more idle cash and contribute to the economy as a whole. Tourism Sector Maldives economy is vastly dependent on Tourism Sector. According to former president of Maldives Mr. Gayoom, tourism is life blood of our nation more than 23 percent of economic workforce is deployed in tourism sector. There are roughly more than 25000 people from 190 different islands working. 90% of these people are stationed at resorts who basically only travels to their native islands twice a year. There are no personal banking facilities at present in most of the resorts. Therefore to send their earnings to support family and receiving money or accessing to banking services are very complicated presently. With the introduction of Mobile banking system, these existing complexities for banking will be solved. MOBILE BANKING: PROS CONS Mobile banking also have unenthusiastic side, though over all mobile banking system is very efficient and generous to business men and other individuals. Pros Banking everywhere any where: Banking is a basic necessity in todays economic world. Accessing a bank or carrying out a banking transaction is all most part and parcel of every day. Mobile banking allows banking from anywhere and everywhere. Physical presence is not required to make a banking transaction. Therefore mobile banking saves time and energy. Important Notifications: The important notifications such as when an account is debited or credited, it will inform in almost no time. Therefore basic banking functions becomes more simple informative on real time. Important means for Accounts Safe keepings It enhances to minimize unauthorized transactions. Since the account holder will be notified immediately via a text. Therefore to be a victim of a bank fraud makes less likely and in case can act upon fraud quickly. Fast and easy payment: Mobile banking allows paying bills, utilities, insurance or any other parallel payments on time. Important means of banking in case of emergency: Mobile banking allows banking 24/7, and more over no waiting time is required. Therefore it is a vital means of banking-in case of emergency Cons Security: Though there are few viruses and Trojans targeted for mobile phones, mobile phone users can be attacked by a phishing scam. For example when a mobile banking user receives a forged text requesting for account passwords it might goes to a hacker pretending as the banker or teller. Compatibility All transaction might not be able to proceed in any phone and for some of the cheaper -phones mobile banking is not compatible at all. To get most out of mobile banking a good smart phone is necessary. Cost Though mobile banking is relatively cheaper and save times, some of the banks charges extra fee for mobile banking and in most of the cases extra software charges are applicable and add upon banking expenses. LITERATURE REVIEW Mobile banking closes poverty gap (BBC, 2010) This report published in BBC by Jane Wakefield, highlights the importance of Mobile banking to transform the way people in the developing world, transfer money and how it is poised to offer more sophisticated banking service which could make a real difference to people This statement highlights that currently there are 2.7bn people living in developing countries who do not have any means to access financial service or banks. Simultaneously 1bn people throughout Africa, Latin America and Asia own a mobile phone (BBC, 2010) Further this report shed lights on Mobile banking as a very powerful way to deliver saving and money transfer services to the billions of people in countries like Kenya and Uganda where there are thousands of people with no means to any access to financial institutions. Over all, this report makes it more vivid that the success of mobile banking in such countries there by closing the poverty gap. Africas mobile banking revolution (BBC, 2009) This report by Luice Greenwood provides the facts and figures of how a mobile banking system could contribute Africas economy so vitally. It also highlights that Millions of Africans are using mobile phones to pay bills, move cash and buy basic everyday items. Africa has the fastest-growing mobile phone market in the world and most of the operators are local firms. Accordingly the statistical data provided throughout the report, briefs about the countries like South Africa and Kenya mobile banking service providers has touched millions of life by means of savings, security and transfer of cash. The simplicity of mobile banking system in Africa is also lessoning the rest of the world. To set up a bank account by a mobile phone is so easy and straightforward that all it requires is that just a phone and ID card to register anywhere from the country by an approved agent. The system activates the account in seconds and depositing and transferring of cash are right away at the fingers tips This report shows how practical mobile banking system can be and how easy it could be serving the larger population like In Tanzania just 5% of the populations have bank accounts. In Ethiopia there is one bank for every 100,000 people. EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE With the introduction of mobile banking system there has been a lot of progress in the socio- economic factors in many countries. The implication of mobile banking seems like more important for developing countries than developed countries where lots of branches of banks are available at a threshold. Countries like Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania has shown the world how important mobile banking system is for under developed and developing nations. Lessons from the lights of literature review, I personally believe in the importance of the introduction of mobile banking system in Maldives. This technology would contribute to government sector, banking sector, fisheries industry, tourism sector and islanders from all islands as a whole. To overcome the shadows cased on banking sector in Maldives, by its natural geographic obstacles mobile banking can be an important tool. PERSONAL VERDICT Providently I have had an opportunity to work for Maldives Tourism Development Corporations as an Operations Manager. To perform my duties and carry out the responsibilities; I have travelled more than 40 Resort Islands and above 45 inhabited islands across the country. During my career, I personally experienced and felt the difficulties of banking by resort workers and local island natives. Though implementation of Mobile banking system in Maldives will undoubted fully Increase economic efficiency and promote social welfare of nation as a whole CONCLUSION The Maldives may be one of the most difficult countries in the world in which to deliver financial services through traditional branch networks. The country occupies 90,000 square kilometres, 99.5% of water. Its 2, 98,968 people live on 198 scattered islands in 26 atolls, and 60% of the inhabited islands have less than 1,000 residents. Given the highly literate population and high coverage of the mobile phone network, there is great potential to use technology to overcome the barriers of geography, low population density and a small population, and deliver financial service at low cost across the country.

Extraordinary Means Of Treatment Essay -- essays research papers

Extraordinary means of treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many years now there have been people who center their lives on giving medical attention to sick patients in need of their care. There have also been many doctors who spend their lives developing techniques to help keep people alive as long as possible, even when the person quite possibly should have died a natural death a long time ago. Does this make what the doctor is doing wrong? Doesn’t the patient deserve a chance to live the longest and fullest life they possibly can?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These questions must be weighed on the benefits of the treatment versus the burden of the treatment. It may prolong life but will it make the life better or just lengthen the suffering that the patient has to go through. These and many other considerations must be taken in account in order to assure the best decision for the patient. Money can also be a factor in extraordinary treatment. Some people can’t afford to have their loved ones in a hospital for very long especially if they are in a coma or other severe illness, and might not be able to afford a long-term hospital bill. Also if there is a very slim chance of success with the procedure it may not be worth trying to save or preserve the life of the patient. Sometimes you may need to take the individual’s opinion on the treatments advice. If they are able to give a competent decision shouldn’t it be used to dete...

A Night to Remember - Original Writing :: Papers

A Night to Remember - Original Writing It was the day of the concert. The lively atmosphere around the arena was only beginning, being there early before, I saw the transformation of the what seemed to be spacious hall, into a jam packed stadium, mocked with nothing but up for it Geordies and music lover alike. As the lights sparkled above the stage, the huge amplifiers buzzed, vibrating the seat in which I had suddenly risen from. Announcements through the loud speakers were cropping up every minute, adding to the anxiety, whilst the crowds poured in, creating a carnival like atmosphere, despite still being an hour away form the main performance. Market stall like shops were beginning to unfold around the perimeter of the seated area; hats, shirts, jumpers you name it were being sold to the public with the name 'Stereophonics' sprung across them, mean while the more 'intelligent' of us crammed ourselves down to the front where the party was just starting. By the time fifty five minutes had passed, although it had seemed like days, a small acquainted girl, who when turned around looked at least thirty, noticed smoke effects coming from the ground of the stage as the florescent lights illuminated the entire audience which had now filled almost to the brim shouted "its begun!" Silhouettes of the and member, Stuart Cable and both Stuart and Kelly Jones appeared on the giant screens of paper behind there instruments before bursting through leaving the 'cannibalistic' like crowd roaring and urging forward, pushing against the dim steel rails lined with security guards. As Kelly, the lead guitarist and singer, introduced himself, the drummer, Stuart, Began a huge ear splitting fill, leading to the bands first song 'A Thousand Trees'. After hearing this song on there album I thought it was great, well now it was beyond great. With the atmosphere of the watching crowd and the raucous instrumental music being played before me, the words couldn't stop coming from my mouth, then again, I wasn't alone. As the song came to an en, the

To what extent

Reformation. For the rest, the religious aspects should not be overstated because princes would readily trade religious conviction for political advantage; Catholic France in particular was eager to support Protestant states against the Hapsburg. By the beginning of the 17th century there was parity between the faiths among the small principalities that made up Germany. Of the larger states, three of the electors of the Holy Roman Emperor were Protestant, another three Catholic, and the seventh and final one was the emperor himself, in his capacity as king of Bohemia.This apparently stable majority for Hapsburg ambition was undermined by the fact that the majority of Bohemians were Protestant, and therein lay the spark of the Thirty Years War. This came in 1617 when the Emperor Matthias placed his heir apparent Ferdinand on the throne of Bohemia to ensure his succession to the imperial title. Ferdinand was a known Catholic zealot and his subject nobles urged him to exercise restraint in the proclamation of religious edicts. When Ferdinand ignored their entreaties, a group of Protestant nobles burst into the royal palace in Prague in May 1618, and threw his advisers out of a window into the moat/maiden.The ‘Defenestration of Prague' was the signal for a Protestant uprising in Hungary, Transylvania, and Bohemia, which was a direct threat to the continued prosecution of war against the Dutch, who would doubtless find new allies among the truculent Protestant population of central Europe in their struggle against the Spanish Hapsburg. Yet no single prince was willing to set himself up as a rival king of Bohemia in opposition to the legitimately constituted sovereign. In 1619 Ferdinand succeeded to the imperial throne on Mahatma's death, andFrederick of the Palatinate rashly agreed to stand as a rival king of Bohemia. The Palatinate bordered on the Spanish Netherlands and Catholic Bavaria, providing two further flashlights in addition to Bohemia itself, and Sp anish troops soon occupied the Lower Palatinate while the Bavarian occupied the north. The Dutch and English, both supposed champions of the Protestant cause, were reluctant to become involved, sensing a lost cause in the making. German Lutheran stayed neutral for the time being, leaving their rivals, the Calvinist, to their fate.Hence Frederick's army as crushed at the battle of the White Mountain outside Prague in 1620. Rebellious Bohemia was thoroughly ravaged by the imperial mercenary army, and forcibly restored to the Catholic faith. The Hapsburg seemed to have settled matters in their favor, therefore the Protestant princes belatedly began to cast around for allies. A grand Protestant league was formed consisting of some German states, England, and Holland, secretly supported by France, and led by the imprudent Christian IV of Denmark, who began the attack in 1626.The Danes were run ragged for three years by the more numerous imperial and Bavarian armies, led by the Bohemian m ercenary Willingness, and by 1629 they had had enough of fighting without effective support from their allies, and sued for peace. The alliance collapsed, and it seemed that Protestant hopes were lost, particularly when Ferdinand attempted to return to the state of affairs that had existed at the time of the Peace of Sagebrush in 1 555, demanding the return to Catholicism of lands that had subsequently converted to the Protestant faith by issuing the Edict of Restitution.For once Calvinist and Lutheran were united in heir opposition to this draconian policy. But by seeking to exploit their victory over the Danes to obtain an outlet to the Baltic, from which to strike at Dutch maritime commerce, the Hapsburg provoked their nemesis. Gustavo Adolph of Sweden, offended by Hapsburg behavior and rescued from an inconclusive war against the Poles by French mediation, declared war in 1630.By this time the cost of the war had exhausted the imperial treasury, and Ferdinand policies had weaken ed his alliances within the empire, so the Swedish invasion came at the moment when the empire was least prepared to repel t. The Swedish army was tough and battle-hardened and won two stunning victories at Brownfield in 1631 and L;dozen in 1632, although Gustavo was killed during the latter. But so too was the imperial cavalry leader Oppenheim while Willingness, who had made himself prince of Knuckleball, was assassinated in 1634.It is not clear whether this was because he no longer seemed able to win, because Ferdinand was afraid of him, because Riches paid his lieutenants to do it, or a combination of all three. Constant campaigning and attrition had deprived the Swedes of their best native roofs, who had been replaced by inferior local freebooters, and this contributed to their defeat at redlining in August 1634, where the Swedish Gene Horn and the new champion of Protestantism, Bernhard of Saxes-Whimper, were roundly defeated by the veteran Spanish-imperial army with the loss o f 14, 000 men, and all their artillery.The last hope for the Protestant German princes was that Catholic France, fearing Hapsburg hegemony, would come to the rescue. Thus the ascendancy gained by the Hapsburg after redlining was destined to be short-lived. Meanwhile, the Dutch were able to roll back the Spanish, who were crippled by an economic collapse and revolt at home. The Spanish Atlantic fleet was destroyed by the Dutch Adam Tromp at the battle of the Downs in 1639, and Portugal declared herself independent in 1640. The Spanish tried to renew the offensive, but were decisively defeated by the French at Rococo.War exhaustion now led to a desire for peace, but there was no consensus on how this was to be achieved, and the fighting dragged on. The breakthrough came in 1648, when Spain and Holland concluded heir 80-year war, which had become enmeshed in the wider conflict of the Thirty Years War, and the other combatants followed suit and settled their differences one after anothe r. These agreements were rolled up into the Treaty of Westphalia, which was to condition the political map of Europe for over a century.Sweden gained a foothold on the southern shores of the Baltic, France had secured her borders, and the Dutch had achieved nationhood. Overall the Protestants had secured their position in Germany, and Bavaria and Brandenburg (Prussia) were to emerge as significant independent states. The Holy Roman Emperors were left with little influence or control over German affairs, as the principle of the Peace of Sagebrush, ‘cuss region, ells religion, was restored: each state would follow the faith of its ruler. The Thirty Years War had a lasting impact.Thousands were displaced rather than killed, and often the peasantry was permanently weakened, usually to the advantage of the landed nobility. Yet there is no absolute consistency, for the war enabled some humble men to rise. The peasant Peter Mainlander commanded an army and became a count; his daughte r married a reigning prince. During the war, Grottos had published De Sure Elli AC pacts arguing that individuals deserved protection against the ravages of war, and one of the war's legacies was a desire by rulers, as well as their subjects, to make war less destructive.Although the military revolution thesis is now widely questioned, war did change during this period-?though arguably even more significantly after it. If the relationship between evolving armies and evolving states was less direct than the thesis suggests, it was nonetheless important. Armies grew bigger-?Willingness may have commanded as many as 150, 000 men and Gustavo perhaps 120, 000-?and ere often better organized, with a premium attached to the marshalling of infantry firepower and the improvement of artillery.They became notably more costly: the French army cost about 16 million livers tourism in the asses and over 38 million after 1640. Many senior commanders were commercial entrepreneurs, with their subordi nates subcontractors in a commercial venture: it is unsurprising that the infantry subunit was called a company. Disgust at some of the more extreme effects of this encouraged hesitant steps towards the professionalisms of officer corps,

Economic Impact of Affordable Care Act Essay

Impact of the Affordable Care Act† The current healthcare system over burdens the economy and is far too costly in comparison to the health benefits it delivers. The United States spends about 50 percent more on healthcare than any other developed country (as a fraction of our total national economy) and we get less for it on what matters. The human capital required to obtain these services leaves many Americans doing without or not receiving the medical treatment required. The Affordable Care Act may be the most controversial legislation in the modern era. It is marketed as healthcare expansion to about thirty million more Americans. The ACA is also designed to do away with some of the unfair elements of the current system. Health insurers currently are able to deny people coverage for â€Å"pre-existing conditions† which makes out of pocket costs out of reach for most Americans. As with any piece of federal lawmaking, the ACA was the product of political compromise among parties and interests. (Turner) However, the ACA should help to improve the GDP in the long run. In the short term period, the increase in economic security for American families will also mean an increase in consumer spending. Many uninsured consumers are forced to set aside money in low interest liquid accounts to make sure they have enough to cover unexpected medical costs. With the security provided by health insurance, they can free that money up for consumption that is much more valuable to them. When the federal government expanded Medicaid in the 1990s, the newly insured significantly increased their spending on consumer goods. (Brodwin) More purchases of consumer goods will provide short-run stimulation to the economy and more hiring. Opponents of the act have countered this theory saying it will freeze hiring in some industries. Some employers may resist hiring new workers, at least partly to avoid the high costs of the law’s mandated health coverage. The health law will require all employers with more than 50 workers to provide health insurance or pay a fine of $2,000 to $3,000 per worker every year. (Yoo) These added costs could result in companies losing the money needed to grow their businesses and hire new workers. It is feared that small business, usually the nation’s most robust job creators, will be hit hardest and many say the requirement would wipe out their profits. It is alleged that the â€Å"slow down† in hiring has already begin in  anticipation of the ACA. The total cost for healthcare in the US is around 16 percent of Gross Domestic Product, known as GDP. What we pay to doctors and insurance companies directly are included in this, as well as what we pay indirectly to Medicare and other programs. 16 cents of every dollar spent on groceries or clothes that will go to he althcare. This is very high in comparison to most other developed countries that pay between 9-12 percent of GDP. The difference in GDP is almost 5 percent, which works out to be more than half the annual federal deficit. The biggest fear associated to the Affordable Care Act is likely about the financing and â€Å"job-killing taxes†. There are three primary sources that the law applies new taxes to. The first is on parts of the health care industry like medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and insurance. (Turner) These areas that are receiving a new tax are being asked to â€Å"kick back† some of the newly created revenue resulted from an increase in paying customers provided by the law. These sectors should benefit on net in a large way. The second is an extension of the Medicare tax on the wealthiest Americans, those with incomes above $250,000 per year. The impact of tax changes on the highest income taxpayers will avoid some of those taxes by re-categorizing their incomes in ways that minimize taxes. There is nothing that suggests that the upper class will actually work less, invest less, or do anything which reduces their â€Å"real contribution† to the economy. The third major tax provision is a â€Å"free rider penalty† of $2000 to $3000 (per employee) on medium and large businesses that fail to provide workers with affordable coverage, forcing those workers to get subsidized insurance via the new insurance exchanges. This will indeed impose a new financial burden on businesses that, unlike competitors, do not pay their fair share of health insurance costs. But the overall impact is likely to be very small. Only 2. 6 percent of businesses will pay this assessment, and the revenue raised will amount to 1. 4 percent of existing spending on health insurance in the U. S. and only 0. 1 percent of wages. ( Turner) The ACA should raise employment numbers for the medical industry in the short run, more than any partial offsets from new taxes on that sector. The ACA should improve the functioning of our labor market in the medium run, by allowing workers to move to the positions in which they are most productive and satisfied without fear of job lock or losing health benefits. The â€Å"economic slowdown† from taxes on the upper class or the small equity payments imposed on employers should be minimal. In the long run there is a good chance the economy will improve by controlling health care cost. The choice between protecting our most vulnerable citizens and improving our economy is a false one. The ACA should do both. Works Cited Brodwin, David. â€Å"How the Affordable Care Act Helps the U. S. Economy. † US News. U. S. News & World Report, 29 Mar. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. Turner, Grace M. â€Å"Pro&Con: Affordable Care Act Will Impose New Burdens on Consumers, Businesses. † SouthCoastToday. com. N. p. , 02 Mar. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. Yoo, Saerom. â€Å"Mid-Valley Social Services. † MidValley Social Services Economic Effect of Medicaid Expansion under Affordable Care Act Comments. N. p. , 07 Feb. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2013.

Mune Company Essay

Mune Company recorded journal entries for the declaration of $50,000 of dividends, the $32,000 increase in accounts receivable for services rendered, and the purchase of equipment for $21,000. What net effect do these entries have on equity? Decrease of $18,000. Maso Company recorded journal entries for the issuance of ordinary shares for $40,000, the payment of $13,000 on accounts payable, and the payment of salaries expense of $21,000. What net effect do these entries have on equity? Increase of $19,000. During the first year of Wilkinson Co.’s operations, all purchases were recorded as assets. Store supplies in the amount of $19,350 were purchased. Actual year-end store supplies amounted to $6,450. The adjusting entry for store supplies will: increase expenses by $12,900. Panda Corporation paid cash of 18,000 on June 1, 2010 for one year’s rent in advance and recorded the transaction with a debit to Prepaid Rent. The December 31, 2010 adjusting entry is: debit Rent Expense and credit Prepaid Rent, 10,500. Recording the adjusting entry for depreciation has the same effect as recording the adjusting entry for: a prepaid expense. An accrued expense can best be described as an amount: not paid and currently matched with earnings. A document prepared to prove the equality of debits and credits after all adjustments have been prepared is the: Adjusted trial balance. Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) the â€Å"book of original entry† is also known as the: Journal

Meter and Rhythm in the Poem Garden Of Love by William Blake Essay

Meter and Rhythm in the Poem Garden Of Love by William Blake - Essay Example At the age of 25 Blake married Catherine Boucher, and in 1785 he opened a print shop that failed and left him to eke out a miserable living with inadequate numbers of orders for designs and engravings. During the Napoleonic Wars not many people in England could afford the high cost of contracting the work of an engraver. In 1804 Blake was charged with sedition but was acquitted, because a drunk had wrongly accused him. In 1809 his single art exhibition of sixteen works went unnoticed by everyone except a lone critic who criticized it fiercely. Blake's literary work was so highly influenced by the politics of his time that it most likely hurt his success as an engraver. In the last years of his life, Blake met a group of young artists whose appreciation for his work eased his growing destitution. William Blake died on August 12, 1827.2 The poem is found in the anthology Songs of Innocence and of Experience. William Blake was so little recognized in his lifetime that the author only managed to write and sell his poetry intermittently over his professional career, and his poetic work was essentially little known or regarded by his contemporaries. Blake at first only wrote poetry in his spare time. Though Blake acquired some repute as an engraver and an artist, those who recognized his genius still commonly believed him to be somewhat eccentric in his own time.4 The Garden of Love, speaks fr... etime that the author only managed to write and sell his poetry intermittently over his professional career, and his poetic work was essentially little known or regarded by his contemporaries. Blake at first only wrote poetry in his spare time. Though Blake acquired some repute as an engraver and an artist, those who recognized his genius still commonly believed him to be somewhat eccentric in his own time.4 The Garden of Love, speaks from a first person viewpoint to set the individual's early experience of the spiritual loveliness of the natural world in stilted contrast with the intrusion of the unforgiving man-made constructs of religious observance. The narrator returns to the lost innocence of childhood, once experienced in its natural ambience, to revive the uplifting memory of the long-forgotten bliss of a Garden sanctuary, only to find it pointlessly spoiled by a man-made Chapel - metaphorically representing the imposition of the censorious rules and strictures of an adult religious life - overwhelming the once-healthy lighthearted and carefree ambience of his youth.5 The carefully chosen imagery of the garden and youth characterize the early experience of creation in its pristine state as the natural ambience for the exuberant child in the unaffected transparency and original innocence reminiscent of the Biblical Garden of Eden.6 The incursion of the Chapel erected in the midst of the Garden, which the narrator "never had seen" as a youth, imposes the unnatural structure of organized religion whose detrimental influence begins to escalate as the poem communicates more of its closed and censorious nature in the following stanzas. The inert stone edifice of the Chapel supplanting the promise and freedom of the green - a conventional metonymy for promise and

Marriage between Hijra and men in modern India Research Paper

Marriage between Hijra and men in modern India - Research Paper Example Hijras are used to cite people who regard themselves as transgender or transsexual. It is a typical error within the South Asians and absence of courtesy for wanting to understand the transgender community that they presume hijras to be men who adopt feminine gender roles, have feminine identity and dress up like women. A long recorded history of hijras is present in the Indian subcontinent, from ancient times onwards. This history highlights a number of conventional roles within the sub continental cultures that are part survival and part spiritual. The word ‘hijra’ is Urdu-Hindustani and is derives from Semitic Arabic root and has been borrowed into Hindi. Since, there is mix up among the real hijras and the ‘invented’ one, some hijra activists and western non-government organizations (NGOs) are working together to locate and separate the born hijras from the artificial ones and educate them. Fanatics of the mother Goddess Bahuchara Mata, their precious power are fortuitous upon their asexuality. However, in reality most of the hijras are actually prostitutes, who are frowned upon in the society, therefore to be out of the circle of criticism and humiliation many of the prostitutes prefer to have a husband (Nanda. 1986). Transgender may be rejected in the society and are frequently insulted and robbed off their right, but no one can deny the fact that as a human being they are eligible to have basic rights no matter what they look like or how the society perceive them to be. Therefore, to have some warm and affectionate relationship in their life they look forward to the institution of marriage. Following is an example of a hijra living in Mumbai and working as a sex worker was married for nine years. Lalita, a very feminine looking hijra was married to a well stabled man and enjoyed the marital bliss for nine years until his husband got married to a real woman and left him, but still

Quickbooks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quickbooks - Research Paper Example When a brand finds the value of brand equity, they can trail a brand equity roadmap to accomplish that potential value (Williams 222). The overview of brand loyalty to this model is still contentious as other conceptualizations place brand loyalty as anoutcome of brand equity, which entails awareness and associations of our firm. But when someone buys a brand or places a value on it, the loyalty of the client base is every so often the asset utmost prized, so it marks financial sense to include it (Gruner6). Also, when managing a brand, the addition of brand loyalty as part of our firm brand’s equity allows the firm’s marketers to defend giving it significance in the brand-building budget. Brandequity that our firm uses also provides value to clients (Gruner 7). It enhances the client’s ability to understand and process information and affects the quality of the user experience. As it provides value to customers, it also makes it laid-back to justify in a brand-building budget. The model provides viewpoint of brand equity as one of the chief components of recent marketing alongside segmentation -the marketing concept, and several others(Gruner 8) I can propose a brand QuickBooks as application software that processes and records accounting transactions with modules of function such as payroll, trial balance, and account payable as well as account receivable. Simply, it’s an accounting information system. It can be developed in-house by our company(Gruner 12). The QuickBooksshould compose of such modules as: billing- where invoices to clients are produced by the company; bookkeeping – where the company records payments and collection; stock/ inventory where the company keeps control of its inventory. Our brand QuickBooks should reflecta financial accounting software program, which can be of use to small businesses(Testa 53). The software boasts a variety of features intended at helping users manage every of their accounting

Stock Market Efficiency Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Stock Market Efficiency - Dissertation Example country, while in contract, others believe that financial system are the key respondents to the demands created by the economic development of the country (Boyes &  Melvin, pp. 339-345, 2010). In parallel with the trade of goods, the trade in capital in fact has experienced a net gain, although different groups may have results that are poles apart with each other. The country and its trading environment play a substantial role in defining whether the capital market is gaining or decreasing. In addition, it has come under observation that the possibility of having unexpected economic reversal increases for the nations following the liberalized capital flows in comparison to the free good market (Boyes &  Melvin, pp. 339-345, 2010). Capital market has come under consideration to be one of the prime aspects of every financial market.  In a broad spectrum, the capital market is a marketplace for financial assets having a maturity of long-term or indefinite. This is very much contr asting  to the money market mechanism,  as the capital market mechanism becomes mature that goes above the interlude of one year. In precise proclamation, a capital market is a market where both business ventures and governments lift up the finances and resources of long-terms and provide money for more than a period of one year. In other words, capital market is a place for governments and companies to hoist money or capital in order to support their operations and continuing or enduring investments (Choudhry, pp. 3-9, 2002). The stock market also known as securities of equity and the bond market, another name for debt securities are the two primary variables of the capital market. This is because selling of bonds and stocks are the pivotal ways that can come under exercise to generate money.... The intention of this study is the capital market that provides a conducive and convenient venue for the investors that can be either organizations or individual entities to buy and sell shares and bonds in the form of stock exchange on a local and worldwide basis. Due to the advancement in technologies, the world has become a place where human being can travel and reach any destination within no time. Therefore, this has also provided an opportunity for the overseas institutions to participate in the trading activities of the stock exchange based in the vicinity. However, with reference to the capital markets from all over the world, few stock exchanges have captured the marketplace internationally as well as locally and UK stock market is one of them. Numerous sources of information have presented the fact that UK Stock Exchange is amongst the leading stock exchange in the world and has come under consideration to be the largest amongst the European countries. Furthermore, accordin g to the capital markets analysis â€Å"The London Stock Exchange Group is Europe’s leading exchange group in cash equities, fixed income and post trade services†. Essentially, it also divulges the verity that UK stock exchange has proved to be an influential and dominant exchange market where companies from all around the world desire to raise their capital for growth. Furthermore, it has also come under contemplation to be the world’s cordial, earnest and most-liquid pools of low cost capital. The capital market of UK provides effective systems that offer the investors to have trading at low cost with prompt and efficient trading.

Code of Ethics in nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Code of Ethics in nursing - Term Paper Example Ethics forms an integral part on the foundation of nursing. The profession has a distinguished history in the concern of the welfare of individuals who seek social justice; the vulnerable and injured. Apprehension is embodied towards the provision of required nursing care to the community and individuals. Nursing combines the alleviation of suffering, prevention of illness, promotion, protection and restoration of health. Nurses act to change the aspects of social structure that branch away from well-being and health. Individuals who aspire to study nursing are expected to adhere to the moral norm and ideals of the profession, and embrace these aspects as part of what make them nurses. The ethical tradition of the nursing profession is self reflective, distinct and enduring. The nurses have to follow a code of ethics that make explicit the values, primary goals and obligations of the profession. This paper analyzes my professional code from an ethical perspective through the identifi cation of four ethical concepts. Introduction Nurses respect the dignity, rights and the worth of all humanity. This should be irrespective of the nature of the health problem. A person’s worth is not defined by sickness, disability, proximity to death or functional status. This respect should extend to all those who require the services of a nurse for health promotion or prevention, and for the restoration of health. ... They actively assure and assess the appropriate and responsible use of interventions aimed at minimizing unwarranted treatment and patient suffering. The importance and acceptability of carefully considered decisions that regard the resuscitation status, withholding and withdrawal of life sustaining therapies, foregoing of medially provided hydration and nutrition; symptom management and advance directives are more evident (American Nurses Association, 2005). Patient autonomy (informed consent) The respect for human dignity requires that there be recognition of patient rights. The most important of this is the right to self-determination. This is also known as autonomy this is the philosophical basis for an informed consent in the health care profession. All patients have the legal right to be part of the medical decision; to be given complete and accurate understandable information in a manner that will facilitate the patient to make an informed decision, and to be assisted in the w eighing of the benefits, available options and burdens in their treatment (American Nurses Association, 2005). They also have the right to be given support through the decision-making and treatment processes. Such support includes the opportunity to discuss the decisions with family members and other significant people. The patients should be involved in planning their own health care to the extent that they will be able to choose and participate in the treatment process (Fowler, 2008). Each nurse has an obligation to have the knowledge regarding moral and legal rights of all patients. The nurses must protect, preserve and support these interests when assessing the patient’s understanding of the medical information presented and the implications of these

Families and house holds Essay Example for Free

Families and house holds Essay Families and Households (In this essay I will examine and assess the view that, in todays society, the family is losing Its functions. ) Modern family sociology mainly developed In the middle of the 20th century, in a period of stability (for countries like the USA or even Switzerland) or of social reconstruction after the Second world war (as for most other European countries). This development took place under the aegis of the then dominating functionalist paradigm (Parsons Bales 1955, Goode 1963). Its basic model was that of the nuclear family, a couple of two adult partners living together with their hildren and forming an irreducible group securing fundamental tasks for social and hence societal Integrauon, especially through socialization, a group that functioned In a relatively autonomous way, with little intimate contacts beyond its borders, which made It particularly attuned to the flexibility required by the Industrial society. The internal structure of this family model was mainly organized around two ascribed criteria, sex and age. The role attribution according to the sex of the adult partners internal tasks for the wife, external tasks for the husband was said to correspond to expressive vs. Instrumental orientations typical of sexual Identities and was interpreted to be a highly functional way of performing all the necessary contributions to family and societal functioning. The welfare state and other social institutions played a pivotal role as a substitute family; many functions the family used to perform (see my video on Parsons Fit Thesis) have now been taken over by our welfare state (anyone else hear Charles Murray groan? ). Remember pre- industrialization? The family performed many educational caring roles! For example, single parents can perform the economic role through benefit payments nd primary socialization of children can be performed by pre-school / nursery. So on the one hand, from a functionalist and New Right point of view; the family Is losing its functions because of their primary concern / focus with the nuclear family. However the evaluation Is that the family Isnt necessarily losing its functions because in whatever format the family is found, with external support the key functions Durkheim and parsons Stress. are still performable. Certain functionalist such as Parsons and Dennis say that in our now modern society some functions erformed by the family have been shifted to specialized Institutions that look after certain vital roles. This would include such things as education, as this used to performed by the family who educated their children for the working world. They also claim that now the family has two basic functions left, these are the socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities. Changes in the family; Decline In marriage and growth In cohabitation, Remarriage and growth of reconstituted families More births outside marriage, Rising divorce rates, Ageing population. However some other sociologists such as Fletcher and Shorter claim that It Is the opposites and that the family actually sued to ignore such things as the education of their children and the recreational activities were not done. They say that now due to the introduction of the welfare system the family now cares about their Childs health and keeps a closer eye on It. The family still Is responsible for partly diagnosing 1 OF3 introduction of the social service department the family must further care for their child so they are not taken away. There are many different sociologists who look in he families place in todays society and assess the level of function to family has today. From Murdock to parsons, feminist and warm bath theory there is many different views and opinions on this statement. One of the more famous sociologists who looked at the family is G. P. Murdock; he compared over 250 societies and claimed that the nuclear family was universal, that some form of the nuclear family existed in every known society and that it performed four functions essential to the continued existence of those societies. The four functions are Reproduction (where society equires new members to ensure its survival), Sexual (this function serves both society and the individual. Unregulated sexual behavior has the potential to be socially disruptive. However marital sex creates a powerful emotional between a couple), Educational (culture needs to be transmitted to the next generation), Economic (where adult family members show their commitment to the care, protection and maintenance of their dependents by becoming productive workers and being an income). While Murdocks ideas are a great idea and would make a good society to live in they re also dated seeing as he wrote this in 1949, things have changed a lot since then and the family has moved on, one thing that would have changed for sure since he wrote this is the fact that women can now be the breadwinners in the family it is no longer Just the men that go out to work to help the economy. So according to Murdock then family would be losing its functions because it is not fitting directly into his four main functions. As industrialization grew kinship-based society broke-up which had a direct impact on family structures. Out went the classic extended family and in came the isolated nuclear family as a productive unit. The term isolated comes from functionalist Talcott Parsons who identified the families in modern industrial society as being isolated because its not connected to wider kinship relations. Obviously there are kinship relationships between members of a family but the difference for Parsons is these relationships are built on choice rather than obligation (members of pre-industrial had to cooperate in order for the family unit to survive a relationship built on obligation rather than choice. These pre-industrial family obligations consisted of health-care; education; policing; moral teaching; mployment etc. ) In contrast Parsons identified how in modern industrial times, the family was no longer obliged to carry out these family functions. Instead state institutions such as firms; schools; hospitals; GPs; police and churches took over these obligations. Parsons said this shift from family to state responsibility was a natural outcome of social evolution rather than demise. The isolated nuclear family had evolved from the classic extended family due to a reduction of the functions of the family particularly with the family ceasing to be an economic unit of production. Functionalists argue this change in function of the family comes from the needs of the economic system. Industrialization introduced specialized division of labor. These specialisms mean certain skills are called for in different geographical regions at different times. These social changes meant the isolated nuclear families being freed requirements of modern industrial society. This changing function of the family was evident in the expansion of the railways in the 19th century. The 1851 Census was the first to include detailed classifications of the population by age which provides a enchmark to track the impact of the railways on families, people and places throughout England and Wales. The shift to the postmodern family Unlike Giddens, Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, and David Morgan, the American sociologist Judith Stacey believes that contemporary societies such as the USA have developed the postmodern family (Stacey, 1996). She associates changes in the family with a movement away from a single dominant family type. And with greater variety in family relationships. Postmodern families in Silicon Valley Staceys claim that the postmodern family is characteristic of the USA is based upon er own research into family life in Silicon Valley conducted during the mid-1980s. Silicon Valley in California is the global headquarters of the electronics industry and the worlds vanguard post-industrial region (Stacey, 1996). Usually trends in family life in the USA take on an exaggerated form in Silicon Valley. For example, divorce rates in this area have risen faster than in other areas of the country. Trends there are generally indicative of future trends elsewhere. Most sociologists have tended to argue that higher-class and middle-class families lead the way in new family trends and that working-class families then follow later see, for example, Willmott and Youngs idea of the symmetrical family). Staceys research suggests that the reverse might be true with the rise of the postmodern family.